Week 5 Learning Outcomes Flashcards
What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?
Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS includes all other neural elements.
What are the primary functions of neurons?
Transmit signals, process information, and communicate between different parts of the body
Neurons are specialized cells that play a crucial role in the nervous system’s function.
What are neuroglial cells?
Support, protect, and provide nutrients to neurons
Neuroglial cells outnumber neurons and are essential for maintaining homeostasis.
What are the different classifications of neurons?
Sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons
Sensory neurons carry signals to the CNS, motor neurons transmit signals to muscles, and interneurons connect neurons within the CNS.
What is the structural organization of a neuron?
Dendrites, cell body (soma), and axon
Dendrites receive signals, the cell body processes them, and the axon transmits the signal to other neurons.
How is a nerve organized structurally?
Composed of bundles of axons, connective tissue, and blood vessels
Nerves carry signals between the CNS and the rest of the body.
What are the stages of an action potential?
Resting potential, depolarization, repolarization, and hyperpolarization
These stages represent changes in membrane potential that facilitate the transmission of electrical signals.
What is the function of the brain’s frontal lobe?
Involved in decision making, problem solving, and planning
The frontal lobe plays a critical role in higher cognitive functions.
What is the role of spinal nerves?
Contain both motor and sensory components
Spinal nerves facilitate communication between the spinal cord and the body.
List different kinds of sensory receptors
- Photoreceptors
- Mechanoreceptors
- Thermoreceptors
- Chemoreceptors
- Nociceptors
Each type of sensory receptor is specialized for detecting specific types of stimuli.
What is the main function of photoreceptors?
Detect light and enable vision
Photoreceptors are primarily located in the retina of the eye.
Fill in the blank: The central nervous system consists of the _______ and _______.
brain, spinal cord
True or False: All neurons have the same structure.
False
Neurons can vary in structure and function based on their type and location.
