Week 5 - Immunology, human microbiome Flashcards
What are the three functions of the immune system?
- Protection
- Housekeeping
- Communication
Does innate immunity arise from host genetics or interactions with the pathogens?
Host genetics.
Immune cells use molecular patterns to identify pathogens, called…
Pattern recognition.
What receptors are a classic example of pattern recognition?
Toll-like receptors.
What is the process by which an immune cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf a particle?
Phagocytosis.
What is the inner compartment created by phagocytosis called?
The phagosome.
Phagocytosis initiates when
phagocytic receptors engage _____ on the particle to be
ingested.
Ligands.
Molecules that promote phagocytosis are called:
Opsonins.
What types of molecules act as opsonins?
Complement proteins, antibodies.
What immune cells produce antibodies?
B cells.
What are the two regions of antibodies called?
The constant and variable regions.
To which cells do antibodies present antigens?
T cells.
Which large antibody is generally produced first in response to an antigen?
Immunogloblin M.
Which abundant antibody comes after IgM and is more specific?
Immunoglobulin G.
What is the difference between microbiota and microbiome?
Microbiota = the microorganisms.
Microbiome = microorganisms + environment.
