Week 5 Holistic Flashcards
Water Deficiencies/Clinical Manifestations
- dry skin, hair, mucous membranes
- poor skin turgor
- Increased heart rate and respiration
- orthostatic hypotension
- Confusion
- Sunken Eyeballs
Protein Deficiencies/Clinical Manifestations
- Dull Dry hair
- pallor
- Peripheral Edema
- Pressure ulcers, especially multiple or repeated ulceration
Carbohydrates Deficiencies/Clinical Manifestations
- Decline in body weight
- Pallor
- Extremely poor definition
Fats Deficiencies/Clinical Manifestations
- Emaciated
- Epidermal flaking
- Fissuring of the skin
- Large flakes of dandruff
Vitamin A Deficiencies/Clinical Manifestations
- Night Blindness
- Difficulty adapting to changes in light intensity
- Scleral changes and dry eyes
-Gingivitis
-Pigment changes
-Dry skin
Vitamin K Deficiencies/Clinical Manifestations
- Petechiae
- Wound bleeds readily
Vitamin C Deficiencies/Clinical Manifestations
- Swollen gums that bleed readily
- Transparent skin quality
- Weakness
- Delayed wound healing
Vitamin B complex Deficiencies/Clinical Manifestations
- Pallor
- pale eye membranes
- Hyperpigmentation
- Redness or swelling of the mouth
- Mouth sores
- Purple discoloration of the tongue with loss of villi
- swollen gums that bleed readily
- confusion
- muscle cramps
- Anemia
Vitamin E Deficiencies/Clinical Manifestations
NA
Zinc Deficiencies/Clinical Manifestations
- decreased sense of taste
- dull, dry, or thinning hair
- Seborrhea like dryness and redness of the face
Iron Deficiencies/Clinical Manifestations
- Pallor
- Yellow discoloration of the skin
- Soft spoon shaped nails
- easily fatigued
- dyspnea
- anemia
Copper Deficiencies/Clinical Manifestations
- Thinning hair
- May have pigmentation changes
Magnesium Deficiencies/Clinical Manifestations
- Dehydration
- Neuronal Hyperexcitability
- confusion
Calcium Deficiencies/Clinical Manifestations
- Acute neuromuscular hyperexcitability; dysrhythmias
- Skeletal deformities such as kyphoscoliosis
- Idiopathic and compression fractures
- Bone pain
- Dry scaling skin and hair
- Brittle nails
Phosphorus Deficiencies/Clinical Manifestations
- Skeletal Deformities
- Idiopathic fractures
- Bone pain
Selenium Deficiencies/Clinical Manifestations
- Decreased ability to fight infection
- Muscle pain
- muscle wasting
Hematocrit Norms
W= 37-47%
M= 42-52%
Hemoglobin Norms
W= 12-16mg/dL
M= 14-17 mg/dL
WBC Norms
5.0-10.0 ^9/L
Platelets Norms
140-400k/uL
A1c Levels
Normal= <5.7% and <100mg/dL
Pre-diabetes= 5.7-6.4% and 100-125mg/dL
Diabetes= >6.55 and >125mg/dL
Glucose norms
70-100mg/dL
Water
water intake
- healthy= 30-35mL/kg of weight
- Open wounds= 2.7-3.7L/day
- Large surface burns= increase even more
- dehydration can impair wound healing
- increased risk of pressure injuries
Protein
- deficiencies impair all 3 phases of wound healing
- deficiencies decrease collagen synthesis, remodeling + granulation formation
- Can lose protein through wound drainage
NITROGEN EXCRETED= INTAKE= BALANCE
Carbohydrates
- Power + repair + regenerate
- Protein sparing effect= decrease in carbs = convert protein + fat into energy
Fats
- needed energy for all cells when carbs are depleted
- Fat soluble vitamins= A,D,E,K
-Fat is required for synthesis of new cells
Vitamin A
- for healthy skin + epithelial
- Needed for collagen synthesis, granulation tissue, and epithelialization
- Increases wounds tensile strength
Vitamin C
- Builds and maintain tissue
Vitamin K
- blood clotting
- Deficiency can increase inflammatory phase
Vitamin B
- WBC function + fights infection
Coenzymes= B1 + B2 + Niacin for metabolism
Folate +B12= blood form + RBC form
Vitamin E
Antioxidant
- Decreases inflammatory phase
Zinc
- Vital to cellular process
- collagen and protein synthesis
- cell proliferation
- epithelialization
- Normal immune function
Iron
- Essential for O2 transport
- Antibody + immune function
- anemia if deficient
Copper
- Needed for hemoglobin synthesis
- needed to absorb iron + transport
- increases tensile strength
Magnesium
Needed for:
- bone formation
- Protein synthesis
- repair
Deficiency in magnesium can lead to hypertension + vasoconstriction
Calcium
- Needed for bone formation + remodel
- needed for muscle contraction
- needed for Fibrin synthesis = blood clotting ***
Phosphorus
- Controlled by kidneys
- needed for normal metabolism and fluid balance
Selenium
- Needed for protein synthesis
