week 5: higher mental processes Flashcards

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1
Q

ways to store information

A

rehearsal
meaningful learning
internal organization
elaboration (embellishing on new info using previously acquired knowledge and beliefs)
visual imagery (encodinging in a mental picture)

retrieval is easier when stored in connection

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2
Q

explantations for forgetting

A

decay
interference
inhibition
repression
failure to retrieve
construction errror
inssufficient self monitoring
failure to completely stor or consolidate info

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3
Q

transfer

A

process of applying info and skills learned in one situation to learning or performance in another situation

2 situations have to have something in common

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4
Q

problem solving

A

previously learned info is used to address an unanswered question/situation

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5
Q

critical thinking

A

evaluating the accuracy, credibility and worth of info

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6
Q

metacognition

A

cognition about cognition, maintaining and regulating higher mental functions

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7
Q

metacognitive skills

A

orientation: what’s the problem
planning: dividing time
monitoring: am i doing okay
evaluation: am i finished

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8
Q

development of metacognitive skills

A

theory of mind (ability to think about your mind)
realistic ideas of memory
effective learning and retrieval strategies
monitoring

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9
Q

what makes self control difficult

A

misconceptions about effective strategies
wrong on task difficulty
lack of prior knowledge
learner goal different then learning goal
lack of self efficacy

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10
Q

problem solving

A

finding a way to get from an initial state to a goal state

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11
Q

insight problems

A

solution comes by a flash of insight

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12
Q

transformation problems

A

stepwise problems that are solved by a sequence of operations

well- or ill structured
knowledge rich of knowledge lean

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13
Q

functional fixedness

A

we only think of the originial function of a object

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14
Q

lack of transfer

A

some porblems seem different but are the same

low road: spontaneous or automatic
high road: abstraction of underlying principles

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15
Q

example base learning

A

learning how to solve problems by studying examples of the correct procedure

cognitive: worked example
social-cognitive: modeling example

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16
Q

examples only

A

schema building, little effort

17
Q

example-problem pairs

A

more motivating, allows for retrieval

18
Q

problem-example pairs

A

difficulties first lead to better processing

19
Q

learning from multimedia material

A

students need to select organize and integrate the info in the media

20
Q

functions of eye gaze

A

encoding, signaling, focus attention at the same thing

Gesture cues are effective
gaze cues are not
gender does not matter
first person perspective is effective