week 5: higher mental processes Flashcards
ways to store information
rehearsal
meaningful learning
internal organization
elaboration (embellishing on new info using previously acquired knowledge and beliefs)
visual imagery (encodinging in a mental picture)
retrieval is easier when stored in connection
explantations for forgetting
decay
interference
inhibition
repression
failure to retrieve
construction errror
inssufficient self monitoring
failure to completely stor or consolidate info
transfer
process of applying info and skills learned in one situation to learning or performance in another situation
2 situations have to have something in common
problem solving
previously learned info is used to address an unanswered question/situation
critical thinking
evaluating the accuracy, credibility and worth of info
metacognition
cognition about cognition, maintaining and regulating higher mental functions
metacognitive skills
orientation: what’s the problem
planning: dividing time
monitoring: am i doing okay
evaluation: am i finished
development of metacognitive skills
theory of mind (ability to think about your mind)
realistic ideas of memory
effective learning and retrieval strategies
monitoring
what makes self control difficult
misconceptions about effective strategies
wrong on task difficulty
lack of prior knowledge
learner goal different then learning goal
lack of self efficacy
problem solving
finding a way to get from an initial state to a goal state
insight problems
solution comes by a flash of insight
transformation problems
stepwise problems that are solved by a sequence of operations
well- or ill structured
knowledge rich of knowledge lean
functional fixedness
we only think of the originial function of a object
lack of transfer
some porblems seem different but are the same
low road: spontaneous or automatic
high road: abstraction of underlying principles
example base learning
learning how to solve problems by studying examples of the correct procedure
cognitive: worked example
social-cognitive: modeling example