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Pediatrics Exam 2 > Week 5 - ENT > Flashcards

Week 5 - ENT Flashcards

1
Q

Visual Acuity in Neonates

A

20/400

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2
Q

What is the visual acuity in children

A

20/100
* improves as children age

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3
Q

Conjunctivitis

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

Inflammation of the conjunctiva

  • Types: chemical, bacterial, viral, fungal, allergic

Nursing Management
* Contact precautions
* Keep eye clean & dry
* Administer ophthalmic medication

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4
Q

Bacterial Conjunctivitis

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

“Pink eye”

S/S: Purulent drainage; inflamed / red conjunctiva, swollen lids

Tx: antibiotics - erythromycin drops

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5
Q

Viral Conjunctivitis

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

Cause (common): Adenovirus (respiratory infection)

S/S: edema of the eyelid, inflamed conjunctiva, & serous (watery) drainage

Tx: Antivirals & supportive care

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6
Q

Allergic Conjunctivitis

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A

Cause: allergies

S/S: the child complains of intense itching, watery to thick drainage, swollen eyelids

Tx: antihistamines, decongestants, lubricants

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7
Q

Opthalmia Neonatorum

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

Conjunctivitis of the newborn (< 30 days old)

Cause: Acquired vaginally from birth infections (gonorrhea, chlamydia, HSV)

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8
Q

Eye Drop Administration

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A
  • Adquate immobilization is needed to avoid injury
  • The nurse’s hand can be stabilized by resting the wrist on the child’s head
  • Explanations & therapeutic play can be used with children old enough to explain the process of administration
  • Have the medication at room temperature
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9
Q

Periorbital Cellulitis

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

Bacterial infection of the eyelids & tissue surrounding the eye

Causes: staphylococcus or streptococcus

S/S: swollen, tenderness, red/purple lids, painful movement, & fever

Tx: IV antibiotics, IV fluids, warm pack

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10
Q

Eye Injuries

A

Very common among school-aged boys

  • Causes: BB guns, fireworks, sharp objects, burns, or sports injuries
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11
Q

Eye Burn

A

Irrigate the eye for 15-30 minutes & go to the ER

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12
Q

Eye Penetrating Objects

A

NEVER remove the object; should be removed by an opthamologist

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13
Q

Corneal Abrasion

A
  • Flourisein strip to see the abrasion

Tx: erythromycin drops

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14
Q

Foreign Body on the Eye

A
  • Avoid rubbing the eye
  • Irrigate
  • Go to the ER if foreign body can’t be removed
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15
Q

Black Eye

A

Ice; then apply warm compress after 2 days

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16
Q

Ears - Pediatric Differences

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A
  • Eustachian Tube: shorter, wider, & more horizontal in infants than older children & adults
  • Internal & Middle Ear: relatively large at birth; tympanic membrane easily injured
17
Q

Otitis Media

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

Inflammation of the middle ear
* common in boys, daycare, allergies, winter months

S/S: redness (over portions of the ear drum), bulging tympanic membrane, fluid w/ no movement or excessive movmement

Tx: antibiotics, tympanostomy, tube placmeent

Acute Otitis Media (AOM)

18
Q

Otitis Externa

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

“Swimmer’s Ear”; inflammation of the outer ear

Cause: can be caused by placing things in ears

Tx: antibiotic ear drops, steroid drops

19
Q

Epistaxis

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

Nosebleed

Cause: nose picking, dryness, foreign bodies, allergies, coughing, blunt trauma

Tx: head upright & tilted forward, squeeze nares below nasal bone for 10 minutes; cotton ball with epi, thrombin, or lidocaine (vasoconstrictors)

20
Q

Tonsilitis & Pharyngitis

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

Inflammation of the tonsils & pharynx

  • 80% viral by group A beta strep

S/S: difficulty swallowing, enlarged lymph nodes, breathing difficulties

Tx: penicillin (10 day course), supportive care

21
Q

Tonsilectomy

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

Surgical removal of the tonsils

Only considered if:
* 7 episodes of tonsilitis within 1 year
* 5 episodes of tonsilitis per year within 2 years (10 episodes / 2 yr)
* 3 episodes per year for 3 years (9 episodes in 3 years)

22
Q

Tonsilectomy Nursing Care

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A
  • Promote fluids (popsicles, ice cream, slurpees)
  • Ice for discomfort
  • Pain relief
  • Watch for bleeding / infection
  • Normal for white / yellow exudate 7 days following

Pediatrics Exam 2 (8 decks)

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