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Pediatrics Exam 2 > Focus on These! > Flashcards

Focus on These! Flashcards

1
Q

ibuprofen (Motrin)
* dosage
* who can or cannot receive this?

KNOW THIS!!!!

A

10 mg/kg Q6H

  • NOT given to children under 6 months of age
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2
Q

acetaminophen (Tylenol)
* dosage
* route

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

15 mg/kg Q4-6 Hours

  • given PO, PR, IV
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3
Q

What is the Gate Theory?

A

Since pain & non-pain impulses are sent along the same pathways, non-pain impulses can compete with pain impulses for transmission

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4
Q

3 Types of Pain Scales & Ages for each scale

KNOW THESE!!!!

A
  • Nips - up to 1 y-o
  • Flacc - up to 4 y-o
  • Faces / Wong Baker - ages 4-5 y-o
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5
Q

PCA Pumps

A

Useful in children 6 years & older
* the child should be able to push the button on their own & be able to understand this will relieve their pain

  • Children using a PCA pump should also be able to use a self-reporting pain scale

If respiratory depression occurs, PCA pump should be discontinued, pt stimulated, & deep breaths attempted. If there is no improvement, naloxone should be considered.

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6
Q

What are the 3 types of conjunctivitis?

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A
  • Bacterial
  • Viral
  • Allergic
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7
Q

Bacterial conjunctivitis

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A
  • 50-74% is bilateral
  • purulent drainage (makes it hard to open the eyes
  • edema (of the eyelid), red conjunctiva, enlarged preauricular glands
  • leads to otitis media
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8
Q

Viral Conjunctivitis

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A
  • Typically not bilateral, but can be unilateral
  • Milder symptoms than bacterial conjunctivitis (edema, red conjunctiva, enlarged preauricular lymph nodes)
  • serous (watery) discharge
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9
Q

Allergic Conjunctivitis

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A
  • Mostly bilateral
  • Rarely has discharge; if there is discharge it is serous (watery)
  • Itchy eyes, conjunctivae have a “cobblestone” appearance
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10
Q

Otitis Externa

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

Inflammation of the skin & soft tissue of the ear canal
* “Swimmer’s Ear”

TX: antibiotic ear drops + steroid

  • **< 3 Years = ** pull the ear down & back
  • > 3 years = pull the ear up & back
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11
Q

What is the difference in the treatment for otitis media & otitis externa?

A
  • Otitis Media = oral antibitoics
  • Otitis Externa = antibiotic ear drops
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12
Q

Otitis Media

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

Inflammation of the middle ear
* Bulging TM (due to puss in the middle ear), redness over ear drum

  • pulling at the ear, fever, diarrhea, vomiting, crying at night due to increased pressure when prone or supine
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13
Q

Epiglottitis

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

Inflammation & swelling of the epiglottis

S/S: high fever (> 39 C), intense sore throat, drooling, tachycardia, tachypnea
* may be in tripod position to relieve breathing difficulties
* Thumb sign
* NO barky cough

  • do NOT touch child, contact HCP & prepare intubation equipment
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14
Q

Asthma

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

Hyper-Responsiveness causes excess mucous formation, musocal swelling, & airway contraction

  • Certain environmental exposures also create additional risk for reaction such as smoke exposure (active & passive), pet dander, cockroach feces, & air pollution
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15
Q

Asthma
* S/S
* Physical Exam Findings

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

S/S: suddon onset of breathing difficulty, cough, wheezing, SOB, tachypnea, intercostal retractions

PE Findings:
* inspiratory & expiratory wheezing
* +/- productive cough
* decreased air movement

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16
Q

Asthma Pathophys - Hyperresponsive State

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A

excess mucus formation, airway swelling & inflammation, & bronchoconstriction

  • Once a trigger occurs, the airway has an exaggerated inflammatory response causing vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, mucosal edema, airway narrowing, & hyperinflation.
  • Hyperinflation (trapped air) of the alveoli causes decreased perfusion of the capillaries & hypoxemia
17
Q

What occurs in the pathophysiology of asthma once a trigger occurs?

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

Once a trigger occurs, the airway has an exaggerated inflammatory response causing **vasodilation, increase in capillary permeability, mucosal edema, airway narrowing **

  • Hyperinflation (trapped air) of the alveoli then causes decreased persuion of capillaries & hypoxemia
18
Q

Asthma Treatment

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

Short-acting beta-2 agonists (SABA)
* relax smooth muscles in the airway causing swift bronchodilation & reverse bronchiospasm

Corticosteroids
* decreases airway inflammation & works with SABA to help with bronchodilation

Anticholinergics
* inhibits bronchoconstriction & decreases mucus production

Always use a spacer

19
Q

Short Acting Beta-2 Agonists (SABA) for treatment of Asthma

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

Relaxes smooth muscles in the airways leading to swift bronchodilation & reverse bronchospasm

20
Q

Corticosteroids for treatment of Asthma

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

Decreases airway inflammation & works with SABA to help with bronchodilation

21
Q

Anticholinergics for treatment of Asthma

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

Inhibits bronchoconstriction & decreases mucus production

22
Q

Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

Goal is to control inflammation of the airways

  • SABA may be used for airway hyper-responsiveness or bronchospasm
  • Treating any infection
  • Reducing mucus accumulation
23
Q

Hayden is a 2 year-old male who presents to the emergency department for a chief complaint of trouble breathing. Viral testing reveals that he has contracted respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). As the nurse, you recognize that which of the following conditions is most common with RSV?

a.) Acute otitis media (AOM)
b.) Bronchiolitis
c.) Epiglottitis
d.) Meningitis

A

b.) Bronchiolitis

24
Q

What is bronchiolitis?

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

Acute viral infections invade the muscoal cell lining the bronchial & bronchioles which irritates the airway.

This leads to swelling & excessive mucous production causing wheezing & crackles

25
Q

You enter the room to assess Hayden (2 y-o with RSV & difficulty breathing). Based on his age, which of the following approaches would be most appropriate for his assessment?

a.) Give a short explanation just before you begin.
b.) Explain your assessment only to the parents since he is young & won’t understand.
c.) Draw a picture of you and the patient to explain what you are doing.
d.) Ask the parents to step out as to reduce the patient’s anxiety.

A

a.) Give a short explanation just before you begin.

26
Q

Precocious Puberty

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

**Growth plates close sooner than expected.

  • leads to overall stunted growth due to advanced bone age

Pediatrics Exam 2 (8 decks)

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