week 5 communities and biomes

Question 1

communities

Answer 1

species coincide in the same place at the same time

Question 2

spatial patterns

Answer 2

where are these communities found, where are they found globally?

Question 3

hypothetical community Patterns

Answer 3

distinct communities (gleans view)

Question 4

Whittakers study

Answer 4

Oregon and arizona

Question 5

temporal changes

Answer 5

fluctuation
succession
geologic time

Question 6

biomes

Answer 6

major type of natural vegetation occurs whenever a particular set of climatic and soil conditions prevail, may contain different ataxia in different regions

Question 7

Tropical rainforest (warm and wet)

Answer 7

found in northern South America, central Africa, Southeast Asia (equitorially) straddle the equator
rains everyday, significant rainfall every month
multiple layers of trees in the forest (sporadic emergence)

Question 8

Climbers

Answer 8

climbers - plants that are rooted in the ground that are using tree trunks as their main support does not have to build their own structural system

Question 9

epiphytes

Answer 9

plants that are entirely living on other plants

Question 10

temperate mixed forest

Answer 10

middle condition

Question 11

boreal forest

Answer 11

found farther north

Question 12

tropical seasonal forests

Answer 12

very distinct dry period and very distinct white period
no frost/freezing
relatively warm temperatures

Question 13

tropical savanna

Answer 13

South America, Brazil, Africa, central Australia
more extreme dry conditions
lots of grazer animals (zebras, rhinos,giraffes)
fairly low vegetation

Question 14

desert

Answer 14

further north or further sound 30 degrees north or south
significant drought for most of the year
20 cm of rain - annual total
plant adaptions : typical don’t have leaves, grow very slowly

Question 15

chaparral

Answer 15

found in coastal areas , west
other names in California” chaparral” , Australia “Kieth”, South Africa “fun boss” , mediterranean “maquis”
climate ; mediterranean climate - winter wet, summer dry climate
structures ; shrubs 1-3 meters tall
fire prone environments

Question 16

fire suppression

Answer 16

dominant policy
idea was to protect resources

Question 17

montane and coastal conifer forest

Answer 17

where ? pacific coast, mountains in California and Rocky Mountains

disturbance ; typically in Rocky Mountains, fire is a large disturbance, frequent wind storms (blow down trees)

Question 18

montane and coastal conifer forest structures

Answer 18

relatively simple
trees are tall and pointy
sun angle quite low, hits side of tree more directly
fire prone forestst
can reproduce and regenerate after fire
aspen trees regenerate by resprouting form roots in the ground

Question 19

Fire 1905

Answer 19

forest management agencies put in place a fire policy to protect economic = c resource of forest
dominate policy
supressed/put out fires

Question 20

late 70s

Answer 20

policy has a detrimental effect on forests, forest ecologists explained that it soon would lead to massive fires that would get out of control

Question 21

80s let it burn policy

Answer 21

allowing lightning strike fires to re engage with forests

Question 22

1988

Answer 22

a fire took place that burned through a national park, problematic, many people advocated to change of policy

Question 23

1990

Answer 23

new policy, more controlled
prescribed burn policy was developed to re introduce fire to forests, starting fires under controlled conditions under cool conditions
this policy is stallion place.

Question 24

alpine tundra (colorado)

Answer 24

treeless vegetation zone, found on the tops of most mountain ranges

Question 25

mountain pine beetle (bc)

Answer 25

native beetle taht consumes sap underneath bark of serval pine specie causing trees to die, older trees more susceptible to outbreaks, needles turn orange as trees die then eventually fall off, makes forest more susceptible to forest fires

Question 26

spruce budworm (Oregon)

Answer 26

consumes buds of trees and kills them, older trees more susceptible large outbreaks that occur

Question 27

temperate rainforests

Answer 27

separated form other forests, found in areas that re wet, not warm areas, areas that have very continuous growth through the year

Question 28

ladder effect

Answer 28

suppression of fire has lead to smaller trees growing above enormous trees , leads to latter effect, when there is a fire it can ladder up the smaller trees creating a pathway for fire to reach up to the large trees