Week 5- CKD Flashcards
In what forms and where is nitrogen excreted in the body?
Nitrogen is excreted in the kidneys.
90% is urea from the urea cycle in the liver
Some is ammonium generated in the kidney to maintain pH.
1% is Uric acid from purine catabolism. It can precipitate in low pH and form crystals, or theoretically with sodium and form sodium urate.
What is positive and negative nitrogen balance?
Positive: when you take in more nitrogen than you excrete.
Negative: when you excrete more nitrogen than you take in
What is the difference between BUN and urea concentration?
BUN: the amount of nitrogen in the blood. Usually in mg/dL
Urea concentration: the concentration of urea in the blood- it is 2.8 times less than BUN and is in mM.
How do amino acids catabolized in non- hepatic tissue get to the liver to be converted to urea and excreted? What is the urea cycle in brief?
It is converted to glutamine or alanine and transported in the blood. Then it is reconverted to glutamate (transaminases) and then urea.
Net effect of calcitriol
increase serum phosphate and calcium
Net effect of PTH
increase serum calcium, mild decrease in serum phosphate
Net effect of FGF-23
reduce serum phosphate, reduce calcitriol
Net effect of calcitriol
increase serum phosphate and calcium
Net effect of PTH
increase serum calcium, mild decrease in serum phosphate
Net effect of FGF-23
reduce serum phosphate, reduce calcitriol
