Week 5: Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 layers of a blood vessel?

A

Tunica Interna
Tunica Media
Tunica Externa

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2
Q

Define an artery

A

Carries blood away from the heart to other organs

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3
Q

What does vasoconstriction mean?

A

A decrease in the diameter of the lumen of a blood vessel

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4
Q

What does vasodilation mean?

A

The increase in the lumen of the diameter

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5
Q

What is the function of the elastic arteries?

A

They help propel blood onward while the ventricles are relaxing. They include the aorta and pulmonary trunk. They are the biggest arteries.

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6
Q

What is the function of muscular arteries?

A

Medium sized. They distribute blood to each of the various organs. Eg: Brachial artery & radial artery.

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7
Q

What is the function of of arterioles?

A

The smallest.

They regulate the flow of blood into the capillary networks of the body’s tissues.

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8
Q

What is the relationship between anastamoses and collateral circulation?

A

Anastomoses is an alternative route of blood flow. The alternative route is know as collateral circulation.

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9
Q

What is the structure and function of capillaries?

A

Function: The change of substances between the blood and interstitial fluid.

Structure: Have a single layer of endothelial cells and a basement membrane.

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10
Q

Define auto regulation of capillary flow.

A

Adjusts blood flow through a capillary bed in response to physical and chemical changes in a tissue

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11
Q

What are 3 different types of capillaries?

A

Continuous - limited diffusion

Fenestrated - quick fluid, larger exchange

Sinusoids - large, incomplete basement membrane, quite leaky

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12
Q

What is capillary blood pressure?

A

Pushes fluids out of capillaries into interstitial fluid

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13
Q

What is colloid osmotic pressure?

A

Pulls fluid into the capillaries from interstitial fluid

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14
Q

Define venules

A

Are small vessels that collect blood from capillaries and drain into veins

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15
Q

Define veins

A

Have thinner tunica Interna and tunica media than arteries.

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16
Q

Why are valves necessary in veins?

A

To prevent back flow of blood.

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17
Q

What are 3 factors that assist in venous return?

A

Pumping action of the heart

Skeletal muscle contractions

Pressure changes associated with breathing

18
Q

What are all the arteries?

A
Elastic 
Muscular 
Arterioles 
Capillaries 
Venules 
Veins
19
Q

What is the main function of capillaries?

A

Permit exchange of nutrients and wastes between flood and interstitial fluid.

20
Q

What are 3 factors that assist in venous return?

A

Pumping action of the heart

Skeletal muscle contractions

Pressure changes associated with breathing

21
Q

What are all the arteries?

A
Elastic 
Muscular 
Arterioles 
Capillaries 
Venules 
Veins
22
Q

What is the main function of capillaries?

A

Permit exchange of nutrients and wastes between flood and interstitial fluid.

23
Q

What are 3 factors that assist in venous return?

A

Pumping action of the heart

Skeletal muscle contractions

Pressure changes associated with breathing

24
Q

What are all the arteries?

A
Elastic 
Muscular 
Arterioles 
Capillaries 
Venules 
Veins
25
Q

What is the main function of capillaries?

A

Permit exchange of nutrients and wastes between flood and interstitial fluid.

26
Q

Define blood flow

A

The volume of blood flowing through a tissue in a given period.

27
Q

Define blood pressure

A

The pressure exerted by blood on blood vessel walls. 120/80 or 60

28
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

Total blood flow + volume of blood flowing through all systematic blood vessels each minute

29
Q

Where is the cardiovascular centre found?

A

Medulla Oblongata

30
Q

What are the sensory receptors that provide input into the cardiovascular system?

A

Baroreceptors and Chemoreceptors

31
Q

What do baroreceptors do?

A

Pressure-sensitive sensors that monitor blood pressure

32
Q

What do chemoreceptors do?

A

Monitor blood levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions

33
Q

How do hormones regulate blood pressure?

A

Angiotensin II & Antidiuretic Hormone cause vasoconstriction

Aldosterone increases blood volume.

Epinephrine and norepinephrine increase cardiac output and cause vasoconstriction.

Atrial natriuretic peptide causes vasodilation.

34
Q

Tachycardia

A

Rapid heart rate over 100 beats

35
Q

Bradycardia

A

A slow resting heart or pulse rate under 50bpm

36
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the air sacs of the lungs and returns oxygenated blood from the air sacs to the left atrium

37
Q

The systemic circulation

A

Carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to systemic capillaries throughout the body and returns the deoxygenated blood to the right atrium.

38
Q

What are the 4 regions of the aorta?

A

Ascending aorta
Arch aorta
Thoracic aorta
Abdominal aorta

39
Q

What regions are drained by the superior vena cava?

A

Blood from veins above the diaphragm

40
Q

What regions are drained by the inferior vena cava?

A

Veins below the diaphragm and the coronary sinus drains the heart wall.