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Year 1 : Introducing Psychological Approaches Semester 1 > Week 5: Biological Processes > Flashcards

Week 5: Biological Processes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Nervous System?

A

The nervous system is made up of a variety of different cells.

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2
Q

What are the Nervous System’s divisions?

A

o Central and Peripheral
o Somatic and Autonomic
o Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

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3
Q

What is a Neuron Cell?

A

A neuron cell is located in the nervous system.

Neurons send messages from one part of the nervous system to another.

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4
Q

When Neuron Cells send messages what process takes place?

A

An electrical and chemical process. This is called neurotransmitters.

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5
Q

What is the Peripheral Nervous System?

A

The peripheral nervous system is the division of the nervous system containing all the nerves that lie outside of the Central Nervous System.

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6
Q

What is the primary role of the Peripheral Nervous System?

A

The primary role of the peripheral nervous system is to connect the central nervous system to the organs, limbs and skin.

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7
Q

What are the Peripheral Nervous System subdivision groups?

A

o Somatic Nervous System

o Autonomic Nervous System

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8
Q

What is the role of the Somatic Nervous System?

A

Nerves that we have conscious control over.

This includes movements and awareness of our senses.

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9
Q

What is the role of the Autonomic Nervous System?

A

Nerves that carry automatic or involuntary messages to and from the organs of our body. Less consciously aware of.

The Autonomic Nervous System is subdivided:

o Sympathetic Nervous System

o Parasympathetic Nervous System

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10
Q

What is the role of the Sympathetic Nervous System?

A

The Sympathetic Nervous System prepares the body for danger.

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11
Q

What is the role of the Parasympathetic Nervous System?

A

The Parasympathetic Nervous System calms and relaxes.

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12
Q

What is the brain part of?

A

The brain is part of the nervous system and is located in our heads.

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13
Q

What are the subdivisions of the brain?

A 
o Hindbrain ('oldest')
o Midbrain
o Forebrain ('most evolved')
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14
Q

What is the Hindbrain?

A

Hindbrain is located at the lower part of the brain.

Hindbrain includes:

o Cerebellum
o Medulla
o Reticular Formation

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15
Q

What is the role of the Cerebellum?

A

The cerebellum is the coordination of fine motor skills (movement).

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16
Q

What is the role of the Medulla?

A

Medulla coordinates heart-rate and respiration.

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17
Q

What is the role of the Reticular Formation?

A

Reticular formation controls arousal, which is the level of wakefulness,

18
Q

What is the Midbrain?

A

Midbrain is located towards the base of the brain.

The midbrain is organised into two main regions, the tectum and tegmentum.

19
Q

What are the functions of the Midbrain?

A

o Emotion

o Pleasure & reward (motivation)

o Orientation to events in the environment.

20
Q

What is Forebrain?

A

Forebrain contains the cerebral cortex (outer layer of the brain).

Subcortical structures of the Forebrain include:

o Hypothalamus
o Amygdala
o Hippocampus

21
Q

What is the role of the Hypothalamus?

A

Hypothalamus regulates body temperature, appetite, and sexual behaviour.

22
Q

What is the role of the Amygdala?

A

Amygdala responds to fear and danger.

23
Q

What is the role of the Hippocampus?

A

Hippocampus is the integration of new memories with existing ones.

24
Q

What are the Cerebral Cortex functions?

A

o Frontal Lobe
o Occipital Lobe
o Parietal Lobe
o Temporal Lobe

25
Q

What is the role of the Frontal Lobe?

A

The frontal lobe consists of:

o Primary motor cortex
o Prefrontal cortex

26
Q

What does the Primary motor cortex do?

A

The primary motor cortex is the planning of motor movements.

27
Q

What does the Prefrontal cortex do?

A

The prefrontal cortex is the organisation of behaviour, planning.

28
Q

What is the role of the Occipital Lobe?

A

The occipital lobe is the first stage of visual processing.

29
Q

What is the role of the Parietal Lobe?

A

The parietal lobe processes touch and bodily sensations.

30
Q

What is the role of the Temporal Lobe?

A

The temporal lobe involves auditory information (hearing) and perception of movement and face recognition.

31
Q

Does the brain have two halves?

A

Yes. This is called ‘hemispheres.

o Right Hemisphere
o Left Hemisphere

Most structures of the brain are found on both sides of the hemispheres.

32
Q

What is Lateralisation?

A

Lateralisation means some functions are controlled by one side of the brain. Either on the right hemisphere or left hemisphere.

33
Q

What functions are Lateralised?

A

o Movement
o Vision
o Language

34
Q

How do we know about Lateralistion?

A

Lateralistion is discovered through brain imaging scans.

35
Q

What is Visual Search?

A

One type of brain imaging is Visual Search.

Visual Search involves individual’s finding targets.

36
Q

What is Visual Neglect?

A

If an individual’s performance is terrible in the Visual Search, this may be due to Visual Neglect.

Visual Neglect is a disorder of attention as it involves the inability to place attention to one side.

37
Q

What are split-brain patients?

A

Split-brain patients are individuals who have had their hemispheres surgically separated as treatment from epilepsy.

38
Q

What is Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)?

A

fMRI is used to identify activity in specific regions of the brain by detecting blood flow.

39
Q

What is Electroencephalography (EEG)?

A

EEG measures electricity activity in specific regions of the brain.

40
Q

What is Positron Emission Tomography (PET)?

A

PET scans detect activity in different regions of the brain.

Year 1 : Introducing Psychological Approaches Semester 1 (9 decks)

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