Week 5- addictions Flashcards
addiction
definition
chronic, relapsing, and treatable disorder that results from prolonged effects of exposure of the brain to substances
4C’s of addiction
- craving
- control (loss of)
- compulsion (to use)
- consequences (of use)
substance addictions
cocaine, meth, alcohol, etc..
behavioral addictions
aka process
- produces same reward response as substances; DSM-5 only recognizes gambling
sex, gambling, internet, etc..
intoxication
definition
maladaptive behaviors and physical symptoms
withdrawal
definition
maladaptive behaviors resulting from cessation of substance use
- can be life threatning
concurrent disorders
co-occuring mental health or co-morbidities with substance misuse problems
biological cause of substance misuse disorder
- genetics
- brain function
- chemistry
psychological cause of substance misuse disorder
- trauma
- stress
- coping styles
- co occuring disorders
sociocultural cause of substance misuse disorder
- health policies
- spirituality
- isolation
physiological processes
addcition
neurochemical changes in reward centers of brain leading to dopamine increase causing euphoria
- neurons receive repeated stimulus –> receptors start to restrict stimulus –> tolerance –> need for increased stimulus
tolerance
definition
increasing need for the substance to obtain the same reward
dependence
definition
changes in the body due to continued use of a drug
detoxification
definition
systematic withdrawal of a substance
- is done under medical care
consequences of addiction
- mood changes
- seizures
- insomnia/fatigue
- weight loss
- functional problems
primary prevention
- community health programs like DARE
- positive coping strategies
secondary prevention
screening tools
CAGE screening tool
Cut down
Annoyed
Guilty
Eye opener
assessment
head to toe
neuro, perfusion, gas exchange, tissue integrity, glucose regulation
assessment
tools for signs and symptoms
CIWA, COWS
assessment
psychiatric
history, family history, functional assessment, MSA, risk assessment
substance use assessment
- onset or changes
- amount and frequency
- route
- source
- previous treatment
length of stay of drugs in body
24-72 hours
- not all drugs are purse
transtheoretical model of change
precontemplation –> contemplation –> action –> maintenance –> leaves treatment or relapse
nursing priorities
- risk for injury
- ineffective coping
- ineffective health maintenance
nursing goals
- manage withdrawal
- support toward treatment
- identify/implement strategies
- rebuild relationships
nursing interventions
- safety first
- monitor VS
- therapeutic relationship
- symptom management
nursing interventions
physical health
- gas exchsnge/perfusion
- neuro
- fluid/electrolytes
- nutrition
- glucose regulation
- tissue integrity
emergency interventions
- provide O2
- IV access
- naloxone
- toxicology
- history
non-pharmacological interventions
- therapeutic relationship
- motivational interviewing
- variety of therapies
- programs
- groups
motivational interviewing
focuses on supporting individuals motivation rather than imposing change
- key concept is ambivalence
- evocative
- used alongside other therapies
pharmacological interventions
opioids/drugs
- buprenorphone+naloxone (suboxone) –> used for disorder
- naloxone –> used for immediate overdose
pharmacological interventions
alcohol
naltrexone, benzodiazepines (withdrawal and detoxification)
pharmacological interventions
nicotine
buproprion, clonidine
harm reduction
public health approach to reducing health consequences of substance use
- independent of behavior change
relapse cycle
8
frustration –> fantasizing –> obsessing –> substance abuse –> loss of control –> guilt over use –> cessation of use –> passage of time
strategies for recurrence of symptoms
relapse
- seek help right away
- accept that relapse is a process
- pinpoint triggers
- recovery is a journey
