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Primary Healthcare In Action > Week 5-9 > Flashcards

Week 5-9 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Experiential Readiness determined by

A

the learners:

  • Background (health/socio-economic status, family/work life)
  • Skills (learning style, developmental stage)
  • Ability to learn (literacy levels, disability)
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2
Q

What is Emotional Readiness determined by..

A
  • Attitudes and beliefs about health related behaviours
  • Internal motivation
  • External motivation
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3
Q

Define: Emotional Readiness

A

is the learners motivation or willingness to put in the effort needed to learn

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4
Q

What are the 5 Stages of Health Behaviour

A 
Pre-contemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
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5
Q

Name 3 factors influencing behaviour change

A

Pre-disposing factors
Reinforcing factors
Enabling factors

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6
Q

What makes up the Health Belief Model

A 
In response to a perceived threat:
Demographic variables---
- Perceived susceptibility
- Perceived severity
- Perceived benefits
- Perceived barriers
- Cues to action
- Health motivation
--- Likelihood of action being taken
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7
Q

Explain: Health Belief Model

A

was developed to explain non-participation in disease prevention programs

  • also used as a model for predicting individual preventative health behaviours and how likely a person is to sustain behaviour change
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8
Q

Explain: Theory of Planned Behvaiour

A

this suggests that a person’s behaviour is determined by their intention to perform the behaviour
…and that this intention is in turn a function of their attitude towards the behaviour as well as subjective norms and perceived control

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9
Q

What elements make up the Theory of Planned Behvaiour

A
  1. Behavioural beliefs, Outcome evaluation, Normative beliefs and Motivation to Comply
  2. Attitude, Subjective norm, Perceived control
  3. Intention
  4. Behaviour
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10
Q

In the Theory of Planned Behaviour-
what factors impact on a person’s attitude, subjective norm and perceived control when intending to change their behaviour

A
  • Behavioural beliefs
  • Outcome evaluation
  • Normative beliefs
  • Motivation to comply
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11
Q

Readiness to learn is influenced by…

A 
Learning style
Resources
Motivation
Cultural and religious practices
Emotional barriers
Physical/Cognitive limitations
Language barriers
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12
Q

What are the 3 types of Collaboration

A

Multidisciplinary
Interdisciplinary
Intersectoral

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13
Q

Define: Intersectoral Collaboration

A

the cooperation or working together of all sectors who are involved in improving health

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14
Q

What are the advantages of Intersectorial Collaboration

A
  • Ensures client needs are considered flexibly
  • Efficient and effective use of resources
  • Encourages cooperative efforts to build capacity for change
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15
Q

What are the challenges to Intersectoral Collaboration

A
  • ‘Non-health’ PHC strategies are outside the statutory control of the health sector
  • PHC per se is not on the agenda of ‘non-health’ sectors
  • Practical initiatives from the health sector towards intersectoral collaboration are lacking
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16
Q

Define: Community Participation

A

the involvement of consumers, carers and communities in decision making about their own healthcare and healthcare services

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17
Q

What is the goal of Community Participation

A

Empowerment- helping people develop mastery and control over the key processes that influence their lives

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18
Q

List the benefits of Community Participation

A
  • Improved health care for consumers
  • Promotes a transparent and accountable health service
  • Consumers contribute valuable local knowledge
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19
Q

What factors influence Community Participation

A

Socio-economic status
Geographic location
Sociocultural and political context
Access of community members

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20
Q

List the barriers to Community Participation

A
  • Policy that doesn’t transfer into practice
  • Lack of community consultation
  • High expectations
  • Lack of representativeness
21
Q

What are the 4 types of communities

A

Geographical
Relational
Common interest/Affiliation
Ecological

22
Q

What is a healthy community

A

one with the presence of:

  • strong social capital
  • engaged and empowered members
  • dynamic, healthy physical, social and spiritual environment
  • accessible, affordable and equitable services and resources
23
Q

Define: Population Health

A

seeks to improve the health and prevent disease of whole populations or specific populations

24
Q

Give an example: Population health initiatives

A

Vaccinations
Clean drinking water
Family planning

25
Q

What are the 5 strategies of the Ottawa Charter

A 
Strengthen community action
Develop personal skills
Create supportive environments
Reorientate health services
Build healthy public policy
26
Q

Define: Community assessment

A

is a process for systematically collecting and analysing information about a community, as well as an opportunity to build the capacity of community members, by involving them integrally in the process

27
Q

What are the 3 steps in Community assessment

A
  1. Gather relevant data about the community
  2. Analyse the data
  3. Identify community health problems and strengths
28
Q

Define: SWOT

A

Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Threats

29
Q

What are 3 models for community assessment

A

SDH Assessment Circle
Community as partner approach
Needs assessment

30
Q

Explain: SDH Assessment cirlce model for community assessment

A

Works in collaboration with community using SWOT and shares findings with them

31
Q

Explain: Community as partner approach model for community assessment

A

uses a community assessment wheel

- Community at the core with 8 community subsystems around

32
Q

Explain: Community needs assessment model for community assessment

A

involves identification of conditions or factors in the community which, if absent, prevent people from achieving optimum physical, mental and social wellbeing

33
Q

What are the 4 categories of needs

A

Felt- what people say they need
Expressed- inferred by observation
Normative- based on expert opinion
Comparative- an examination of services

34
Q

Define: Epidemiology

A

is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events, and the application of this study to the control of diseases in other health problems

35
Q

Define the calculation used to determine Incidence

A

Number of new cases
__________________________ x100 = incidence rate
Population

36
Q

Define: Incidence

A

The frequency of NEW occurences of disease, injury, or death over a specific period of time

37
Q

Define: Prevalence

A

the total number (new plus existing) of cases of a particular disease or health issue in a population at any one time

38
Q

Define: Patient Education

A

A series of planned teaching-learning activities designed for individuals, families or groups who have identified alteration in health

39
Q

Define: Health education

A

any combination of
learning experiences designed to help individuals and communities improve their health, by increasing their knowledge or influencing their attitudes

40
Q

Explain: New health education

A

Based on an empowerment model

Focuses on enabling people and communities

  • knowledge of the causes of ill-health
  • the capacity to address these causes
41
Q

Define: Health Literacy

A

is the ability to make sound health decisions in everyday life

42
Q

What are the 3 levels of health literacy

A

Functional
Communicative/interactive
Critical

43
Q

Level of health literacy

Define: Functional

A

is the level where a person has sufficient knowledge of health conditions, health risks, health promotion and health services to function effectively in a health context

44
Q

Level of health literacy

Define: Communicative

A

is about community level interactions whereby community members influence and help others to increases their capacity to influence determinants

45
Q

Level of health literacy

Define: Critical

A

is where people or communities as a whole have the skills to engage in community action and work with others to build health capacity on a community wide scale

46
Q

Define: REALM-SF

A

Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine- Short Form

  • is a 7 item word recognition test to provide clinicians with a valid quick assessment of client health literacy
47
Q

How is empowerment promoted?

A

through building:

  • Social capital
  • Individual and community capacity
48
Q

What are 2 techniques for health education

A

Didactic methods- knowledge transmission

Experiential methods- skills development (hands on)

Primary Healthcare In Action (3 decks)

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