Week 5-9 Flashcards
What is Experiential Readiness determined by
the learners:
- Background (health/socio-economic status, family/work life)
- Skills (learning style, developmental stage)
- Ability to learn (literacy levels, disability)
What is Emotional Readiness determined by..
- Attitudes and beliefs about health related behaviours
- Internal motivation
- External motivation
Define: Emotional Readiness
is the learners motivation or willingness to put in the effort needed to learn
What are the 5 Stages of Health Behaviour
Pre-contemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
Name 3 factors influencing behaviour change
Pre-disposing factors
Reinforcing factors
Enabling factors
What makes up the Health Belief Model
In response to a perceived threat: Demographic variables--- - Perceived susceptibility - Perceived severity - Perceived benefits - Perceived barriers - Cues to action - Health motivation --- Likelihood of action being taken
Explain: Health Belief Model
was developed to explain non-participation in disease prevention programs
- also used as a model for predicting individual preventative health behaviours and how likely a person is to sustain behaviour change
Explain: Theory of Planned Behvaiour
this suggests that a person’s behaviour is determined by their intention to perform the behaviour
…and that this intention is in turn a function of their attitude towards the behaviour as well as subjective norms and perceived control
What elements make up the Theory of Planned Behvaiour
- Behavioural beliefs, Outcome evaluation, Normative beliefs and Motivation to Comply
- Attitude, Subjective norm, Perceived control
- Intention
- Behaviour
In the Theory of Planned Behaviour-
what factors impact on a person’s attitude, subjective norm and perceived control when intending to change their behaviour
- Behavioural beliefs
- Outcome evaluation
- Normative beliefs
- Motivation to comply
Readiness to learn is influenced by…
Learning style Resources Motivation Cultural and religious practices Emotional barriers Physical/Cognitive limitations Language barriers
What are the 3 types of Collaboration
Multidisciplinary
Interdisciplinary
Intersectoral
Define: Intersectoral Collaboration
the cooperation or working together of all sectors who are involved in improving health
What are the advantages of Intersectorial Collaboration
- Ensures client needs are considered flexibly
- Efficient and effective use of resources
- Encourages cooperative efforts to build capacity for change
What are the challenges to Intersectoral Collaboration
- ‘Non-health’ PHC strategies are outside the statutory control of the health sector
- PHC per se is not on the agenda of ‘non-health’ sectors
- Practical initiatives from the health sector towards intersectoral collaboration are lacking
Define: Community Participation
the involvement of consumers, carers and communities in decision making about their own healthcare and healthcare services
What is the goal of Community Participation
Empowerment- helping people develop mastery and control over the key processes that influence their lives
List the benefits of Community Participation
- Improved health care for consumers
- Promotes a transparent and accountable health service
- Consumers contribute valuable local knowledge
What factors influence Community Participation
Socio-economic status
Geographic location
Sociocultural and political context
Access of community members
List the barriers to Community Participation
- Policy that doesn’t transfer into practice
- Lack of community consultation
- High expectations
- Lack of representativeness
What are the 4 types of communities
Geographical
Relational
Common interest/Affiliation
Ecological
What is a healthy community
one with the presence of:
- strong social capital
- engaged and empowered members
- dynamic, healthy physical, social and spiritual environment
- accessible, affordable and equitable services and resources
Define: Population Health
seeks to improve the health and prevent disease of whole populations or specific populations
Give an example: Population health initiatives
Vaccinations
Clean drinking water
Family planning
What are the 5 strategies of the Ottawa Charter
Strengthen community action Develop personal skills Create supportive environments Reorientate health services Build healthy public policy
Define: Community assessment
is a process for systematically collecting and analysing information about a community, as well as an opportunity to build the capacity of community members, by involving them integrally in the process
What are the 3 steps in Community assessment
- Gather relevant data about the community
- Analyse the data
- Identify community health problems and strengths
Define: SWOT
Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Threats
What are 3 models for community assessment
SDH Assessment Circle
Community as partner approach
Needs assessment
Explain: SDH Assessment cirlce model for community assessment
Works in collaboration with community using SWOT and shares findings with them
Explain: Community as partner approach model for community assessment
uses a community assessment wheel
- Community at the core with 8 community subsystems around
Explain: Community needs assessment model for community assessment
involves identification of conditions or factors in the community which, if absent, prevent people from achieving optimum physical, mental and social wellbeing
What are the 4 categories of needs
Felt- what people say they need
Expressed- inferred by observation
Normative- based on expert opinion
Comparative- an examination of services
Define: Epidemiology
is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events, and the application of this study to the control of diseases in other health problems
Define the calculation used to determine Incidence
Number of new cases
__________________________ x100 = incidence rate
Population
Define: Incidence
The frequency of NEW occurences of disease, injury, or death over a specific period of time
Define: Prevalence
the total number (new plus existing) of cases of a particular disease or health issue in a population at any one time
Define: Patient Education
A series of planned teaching-learning activities designed for individuals, families or groups who have identified alteration in health
Define: Health education
any combination of
learning experiences designed to help individuals and communities improve their health, by increasing their knowledge or influencing their attitudes
Explain: New health education
Based on an empowerment model
Focuses on enabling people and communities
- knowledge of the causes of ill-health
- the capacity to address these causes
Define: Health Literacy
is the ability to make sound health decisions in everyday life
What are the 3 levels of health literacy
Functional
Communicative/interactive
Critical
Level of health literacy
Define: Functional
is the level where a person has sufficient knowledge of health conditions, health risks, health promotion and health services to function effectively in a health context
Level of health literacy
Define: Communicative
is about community level interactions whereby community members influence and help others to increases their capacity to influence determinants
Level of health literacy
Define: Critical
is where people or communities as a whole have the skills to engage in community action and work with others to build health capacity on a community wide scale
Define: REALM-SF
Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine- Short Form
- is a 7 item word recognition test to provide clinicians with a valid quick assessment of client health literacy
How is empowerment promoted?
through building:
- Social capital
- Individual and community capacity
What are 2 techniques for health education
Didactic methods- knowledge transmission
Experiential methods- skills development (hands on)
