Week 10-14 Flashcards
What is the prevalence of Musculoskeletal conditions
3.1 million Australians affected by some type of arthritis
Define: Modifiable risk factors
are those which the individual has some control over, and are able to be modified or changed
What are the risk factors for Arthritis
Tobacco smoking
Physical inactivity
Obesity
What are the risk factors for Oestoporosis
Tobacco smoking
Physical inactivity
Risky alcohol consumption
Poor diet
What are the risk factors for Asthma
Tobacco smoking
Physical inactivity
Poor diet
Obesity
What are the determinants of Asthma
- Exposure to maternal smoking
- Smoking
- Overweight
- Direct and indirect exposure to smoke
- Aboriginals
- Poor living conditions
- Lack of access to health services
Give examples: Primary prevention of Asthma
education and smoking cessation programs
Give examples: Secondary prevention of Asthma
- reduce exposure to smoking
- reduce exposure to damp environments
- avoiding exposure to indoor/outdoor pollution
Give examples: Tertiary prevention of Asthma
- diet
- exercise
- asthma monitoring
- medication management
What is Asthma’s prevalence is higher among…
- Young people under 25
- Indigenous Australians
- People in rural areas
- socioeconomic disadvantaged groups
What are the stats on Indigenous Australians in regards to diabetes
they are 3x more likely to have type 2 compared with Australians
What are the main types of CVD in Australia
- coronary heart disease
- stroke
- heart failure
- acute rheumatic fever
- congenital heart disease
Obesity is a risk factor for the development of what other diseases
- Diabetes
- CVD
- Some cancers
How is obesity determined
By BMI
18.5 healthy
> 25 overweight
> 30 obese
What are the risk factors for Diebetes and CVD
- high blood pressure
- high cholesterol
- increased aged
- family history
- overweight
- physical inactivity
- smoking and alochol
What are the types of ‘Burden of Disease’ in mental health
Defined
Undefined
Hidden
Future
Define: Defined burden of disease
this is what affects people with mental health problems
- measured in terms of indicators and prevalence
Define: Undefined burden of disease
relates to the impact of mental health problems/disorders on people other than those diagnosed
- impact on family members and communities in social and economic costs
Define: Hidden burden of disease
associated with the stigma and violation of human rights associated with mental health disorders
Define: Future burden of disease
is the ongoing legacy of the defined and undefined burden
Name the types of Dementia
- Alzheimer’s
- Vascular dementia
- Dementia with lewy bodies
- Fronto-temporal dementia
List the risk factors for Dementia
- high blood pressure
- high cholesterol
- smoking
- CVD
- Smoking and alcohol
- head injury
Define: Mental Health
is not just the absence of mental disorder; it is a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community
List the features of the National Mental Health Strategy
- Promote the mental health of the Australian community
- Prevent the development of mental disorder
- Reduce the impact of mental disorders on individuals, families and the community
- Assure the rights of people with mental illness
What are the levels of action for Mental health promotion
- Strengthening individuals: that is, increasing social connection
- Strengthening organisations: that is, bringing about change within organisations
- Strengthening communities: that is, providing environments that are safe, supportive and sustainable
- Strengthening whole societies, including reducing structural barriers to good mental health
Define: Cancer
is a diverse group of diseases in which some of the body’s cells become defective or abnormal, multiply out of control and form lumps
How are cancers distinguished
By:
- location in the body
- type of cell involved
What is the cancer risk for females
1 in 3
What is the cancer risk for men
1 in 2
What are the most common cancers in order of highest incidence to lowest
Prostate Bowel Breast Melanoma Lung
What is the % of deaths due to cancer (cancer mortality)
30%
What is the ratio of men:women for cancer mortality rate
130 males: 100 females
Define: Injury
physical harm to a persons body
What is the greatest cause of death in the first half of life
Injury
Injury is what % of the total burden of disease
6.5%
Road deaths are higher in which countries
Low and middle income coutries
Define: Fall
inadvertently coming to rest on he ground, floor or other lower level
Define: Health promoting settings approach
is to align policies, resources and funding according to a particular location or setting such as a workplace, rather than focusing on a specific health issue/behaviour
Health promoting settings approach
Define: Setting
a place or social context in which people engage in daily activities in which environmental, organisational, social, economic and personal factors interact to affect health and wellbeing
What are the 3 types of health promoting settings
Regional- cities, villages
Organisation- schools, hospital
Workplace- hospital
What are the 6 building blocks of effective Health Systems
- Service delivery
- Health workforce
- Information
- Medical products, vaccines, technologies
- Financing
- Leadership/governance
What are the 3 characteristics of ‘healthy’ Health Systems
- actually deliver interventions to those in need
- staffed with sufficient health workers with skills and motivation
- operate with financing systems that are sustainable, inclusive and fair
National health and hospitals reform commission
What are the 3 areas of Recommendations for Change
- Tackling major access and equity issues that affect health outcomes
- Redesigning the health system to better respond to emerging challenges
- Creating agile and self-improving health system for long-term sustainability
According to the Ottawa Charter, what are the 3 broad methods midwives can promote health using a PHC approach
Advocacy
Enablement
Mediation
