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Primary Healthcare In Action > Week 10-14 > Flashcards

Week 10-14 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the prevalence of Musculoskeletal conditions

A

3.1 million Australians affected by some type of arthritis

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2
Q

Define: Modifiable risk factors

A

are those which the individual has some control over, and are able to be modified or changed

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3
Q

What are the risk factors for Arthritis

A

Tobacco smoking
Physical inactivity
Obesity

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4
Q

What are the risk factors for Oestoporosis

A

Tobacco smoking
Physical inactivity
Risky alcohol consumption
Poor diet

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5
Q

What are the risk factors for Asthma

A

Tobacco smoking
Physical inactivity
Poor diet
Obesity

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6
Q

What are the determinants of Asthma

A
  • Exposure to maternal smoking
  • Smoking
  • Overweight
  • Direct and indirect exposure to smoke
  • Aboriginals
  • Poor living conditions
  • Lack of access to health services
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7
Q

Give examples: Primary prevention of Asthma

A

education and smoking cessation programs

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8
Q

Give examples: Secondary prevention of Asthma

A
  • reduce exposure to smoking
  • reduce exposure to damp environments
  • avoiding exposure to indoor/outdoor pollution
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9
Q

Give examples: Tertiary prevention of Asthma

A
  • diet
  • exercise
  • asthma monitoring
  • medication management
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10
Q

What is Asthma’s prevalence is higher among…

A
  • Young people under 25
  • Indigenous Australians
  • People in rural areas
  • socioeconomic disadvantaged groups
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11
Q

What are the stats on Indigenous Australians in regards to diabetes

A

they are 3x more likely to have type 2 compared with Australians

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12
Q

What are the main types of CVD in Australia

A
  • coronary heart disease
  • stroke
  • heart failure
  • acute rheumatic fever
  • congenital heart disease
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13
Q

Obesity is a risk factor for the development of what other diseases

A
  • Diabetes
  • CVD
  • Some cancers
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14
Q

How is obesity determined

A

By BMI

18.5 healthy
> 25 overweight
> 30 obese

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15
Q

What are the risk factors for Diebetes and CVD

A
  • high blood pressure
  • high cholesterol
  • increased aged
  • family history
  • overweight
  • physical inactivity
  • smoking and alochol
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16
Q

What are the types of ‘Burden of Disease’ in mental health

A

Defined
Undefined
Hidden
Future

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17
Q

Define: Defined burden of disease

A

this is what affects people with mental health problems

  • measured in terms of indicators and prevalence
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18
Q

Define: Undefined burden of disease

A

relates to the impact of mental health problems/disorders on people other than those diagnosed

  • impact on family members and communities in social and economic costs
19
Q

Define: Hidden burden of disease

A

associated with the stigma and violation of human rights associated with mental health disorders

20
Q

Define: Future burden of disease

A

is the ongoing legacy of the defined and undefined burden

21
Q

Name the types of Dementia

A
  • Alzheimer’s
  • Vascular dementia
  • Dementia with lewy bodies
  • Fronto-temporal dementia
22
Q

List the risk factors for Dementia

A
  • high blood pressure
  • high cholesterol
  • smoking
  • CVD
  • Smoking and alcohol
  • head injury
23
Q

Define: Mental Health

A

is not just the absence of mental disorder; it is a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community

24
Q

List the features of the National Mental Health Strategy

A
  • Promote the mental health of the Australian community
  • Prevent the development of mental disorder
  • Reduce the impact of mental disorders on individuals, families and the community
  • Assure the rights of people with mental illness
25
What are the levels of action for Mental health promotion
1. Strengthening individuals: that is, increasing social connection 2. Strengthening organisations: that is, bringing about change within organisations 3. Strengthening communities: that is, providing environments that are safe, supportive and sustainable 4. Strengthening whole societies, including reducing structural barriers to good mental health
26
Define: Cancer
is a diverse group of diseases in which some of the body's cells become defective or abnormal, multiply out of control and form lumps
27
How are cancers distinguished
By: - location in the body - type of cell involved
28
What is the cancer risk for females
1 in 3
29
What is the cancer risk for men
1 in 2
30
What are the most common cancers in order of highest incidence to lowest
``` Prostate Bowel Breast Melanoma Lung ```
31
What is the % of deaths due to cancer (cancer mortality)
30%
32
What is the ratio of men:women for cancer mortality rate
130 males: 100 females
33
Define: Injury
physical harm to a persons body
34
What is the greatest cause of death in the first half of life
Injury
35
Injury is what % of the total burden of disease
6.5%
36
Road deaths are higher in which countries
Low and middle income coutries
37
Define: Fall
inadvertently coming to rest on he ground, floor or other lower level
38
Define: Health promoting settings approach
is to align policies, resources and funding according to a particular location or setting such as a workplace, rather than focusing on a specific health issue/behaviour
39
Health promoting settings approach Define: Setting
a place or social context in which people engage in daily activities in which environmental, organisational, social, economic and personal factors interact to affect health and wellbeing
40
What are the 3 types of health promoting settings
Regional- cities, villages Organisation- schools, hospital Workplace- hospital
41
What are the 6 building blocks of effective Health Systems
1. Service delivery 2. Health workforce 3. Information 4. Medical products, vaccines, technologies 5. Financing 6. Leadership/governance
42
What are the 3 characteristics of 'healthy' Health Systems
- actually deliver interventions to those in need - staffed with sufficient health workers with skills and motivation - operate with financing systems that are sustainable, inclusive and fair
43
National health and hospitals reform commission What are the 3 areas of Recommendations for Change
1. Tackling major access and equity issues that affect health outcomes 2. Redesigning the health system to better respond to emerging challenges 3. Creating agile and self-improving health system for long-term sustainability
44
According to the Ottawa Charter, what are the 3 broad methods midwives can promote health using a PHC approach
Advocacy Enablement Mediation

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