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Primary Healthcare In Action > Week 10-14 > Flashcards

Week 10-14 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the prevalence of Musculoskeletal conditions

A

3.1 million Australians affected by some type of arthritis

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2
Q

Define: Modifiable risk factors

A

are those which the individual has some control over, and are able to be modified or changed

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3
Q

What are the risk factors for Arthritis

A

Tobacco smoking
Physical inactivity
Obesity

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4
Q

What are the risk factors for Oestoporosis

A

Tobacco smoking
Physical inactivity
Risky alcohol consumption
Poor diet

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5
Q

What are the risk factors for Asthma

A

Tobacco smoking
Physical inactivity
Poor diet
Obesity

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6
Q

What are the determinants of Asthma

A
  • Exposure to maternal smoking
  • Smoking
  • Overweight
  • Direct and indirect exposure to smoke
  • Aboriginals
  • Poor living conditions
  • Lack of access to health services
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7
Q

Give examples: Primary prevention of Asthma

A

education and smoking cessation programs

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8
Q

Give examples: Secondary prevention of Asthma

A
  • reduce exposure to smoking
  • reduce exposure to damp environments
  • avoiding exposure to indoor/outdoor pollution
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9
Q

Give examples: Tertiary prevention of Asthma

A
  • diet
  • exercise
  • asthma monitoring
  • medication management
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10
Q

What is Asthma’s prevalence is higher among…

A
  • Young people under 25
  • Indigenous Australians
  • People in rural areas
  • socioeconomic disadvantaged groups
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11
Q

What are the stats on Indigenous Australians in regards to diabetes

A

they are 3x more likely to have type 2 compared with Australians

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12
Q

What are the main types of CVD in Australia

A
  • coronary heart disease
  • stroke
  • heart failure
  • acute rheumatic fever
  • congenital heart disease
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13
Q

Obesity is a risk factor for the development of what other diseases

A
  • Diabetes
  • CVD
  • Some cancers
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14
Q

How is obesity determined

A

By BMI

18.5 healthy
> 25 overweight
> 30 obese

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15
Q

What are the risk factors for Diebetes and CVD

A
  • high blood pressure
  • high cholesterol
  • increased aged
  • family history
  • overweight
  • physical inactivity
  • smoking and alochol
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16
Q

What are the types of ‘Burden of Disease’ in mental health

A

Defined
Undefined
Hidden
Future

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17
Q

Define: Defined burden of disease

A

this is what affects people with mental health problems

  • measured in terms of indicators and prevalence
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18
Q

Define: Undefined burden of disease

A

relates to the impact of mental health problems/disorders on people other than those diagnosed

  • impact on family members and communities in social and economic costs
19
Q

Define: Hidden burden of disease

A

associated with the stigma and violation of human rights associated with mental health disorders

20
Q

Define: Future burden of disease

A

is the ongoing legacy of the defined and undefined burden

21
Q

Name the types of Dementia

A
  • Alzheimer’s
  • Vascular dementia
  • Dementia with lewy bodies
  • Fronto-temporal dementia
22
Q

List the risk factors for Dementia

A
  • high blood pressure
  • high cholesterol
  • smoking
  • CVD
  • Smoking and alcohol
  • head injury
23
Q

Define: Mental Health

A

is not just the absence of mental disorder; it is a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community

24
Q

List the features of the National Mental Health Strategy

A
  • Promote the mental health of the Australian community
  • Prevent the development of mental disorder
  • Reduce the impact of mental disorders on individuals, families and the community
  • Assure the rights of people with mental illness
25
Q

What are the levels of action for Mental health promotion

A
  1. Strengthening individuals: that is, increasing social connection
  2. Strengthening organisations: that is, bringing about change within organisations
  3. Strengthening communities: that is, providing environments that are safe, supportive and sustainable
  4. Strengthening whole societies, including reducing structural barriers to good mental health
26
Q

Define: Cancer

A

is a diverse group of diseases in which some of the body’s cells become defective or abnormal, multiply out of control and form lumps

27
Q

How are cancers distinguished

A

By:

  • location in the body
  • type of cell involved
28
Q

What is the cancer risk for females

A

1 in 3

29
Q

What is the cancer risk for men

A

1 in 2

30
Q

What are the most common cancers in order of highest incidence to lowest

A 
Prostate
Bowel
Breast
Melanoma
Lung
31
Q

What is the % of deaths due to cancer (cancer mortality)

A

30%

32
Q

What is the ratio of men:women for cancer mortality rate

A

130 males: 100 females

33
Q

Define: Injury

A

physical harm to a persons body

34
Q

What is the greatest cause of death in the first half of life

A

Injury

35
Q

Injury is what % of the total burden of disease

A

6.5%

36
Q

Road deaths are higher in which countries

A

Low and middle income coutries

37
Q

Define: Fall

A

inadvertently coming to rest on he ground, floor or other lower level

38
Q

Define: Health promoting settings approach

A

is to align policies, resources and funding according to a particular location or setting such as a workplace, rather than focusing on a specific health issue/behaviour

39
Q

Health promoting settings approach

Define: Setting

A

a place or social context in which people engage in daily activities in which environmental, organisational, social, economic and personal factors interact to affect health and wellbeing

40
Q

What are the 3 types of health promoting settings

A

Regional- cities, villages
Organisation- schools, hospital
Workplace- hospital

41
Q

What are the 6 building blocks of effective Health Systems

A
  1. Service delivery
  2. Health workforce
  3. Information
  4. Medical products, vaccines, technologies
  5. Financing
  6. Leadership/governance
42
Q

What are the 3 characteristics of ‘healthy’ Health Systems

A
  • actually deliver interventions to those in need
  • staffed with sufficient health workers with skills and motivation
  • operate with financing systems that are sustainable, inclusive and fair
43
Q

National health and hospitals reform commission

What are the 3 areas of Recommendations for Change

A
  1. Tackling major access and equity issues that affect health outcomes
  2. Redesigning the health system to better respond to emerging challenges
  3. Creating agile and self-improving health system for long-term sustainability
44
Q

According to the Ottawa Charter, what are the 3 broad methods midwives can promote health using a PHC approach

A

Advocacy
Enablement
Mediation

Primary Healthcare In Action (3 decks)

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