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Primary Healthcare In Action > Week 1-4 > Flashcards

Week 1-4 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 6 dimensions of health

A 
Physical
Mental
Emotional
Spiritual
Socio-cultural
Environmental
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2
Q

Define: Health

A

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

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3
Q

The Australian Nursing Federation defines health as:

A

A state of complete physical, emotional, social and cultural wellbeing of the person across the period of their life, enabling them to achieve their full potential as a human being.
This also applies to the physical, social, emotional and cultural wellbeing of their whole community. It is not merely the absence of disease, injury or disability

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4
Q

Name the 5 Foundations of health

A
  • Ecological- everything is connected to everything else
  • Dynamic and socially determined- health is situated in the multilayered, real-world, social contexts of community life
  • Reciprocal- health is created in the exchanges between people and their environments
  • Health literacy- adequate knowledge to inform health decisions
  • Empowerment- knowledge and opportunity to have control over one’s life and health decisions
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5
Q

What are the 4 National Competency Standards for Midwifery

A

Legal and professional practice
Midwifery knowledge and practice
Midwifery as primary healthcare
Reflection and ethical practice

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6
Q

What are the 9 National Health Priority Areas

A
  1. Cardiovascular Health
  2. Cancer Control
  3. Injury Prevention And Control
  4. Mental Health
  5. Diabetes mellitus
  6. Asthma
  7. Arthritis and musculoskeletal conditions Obesity
  8. Dementia
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7
Q

What are the 3 main models of health

A
  • Biomedical model of health

- Biopsychosocial model of health
- Social model of health

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8
Q

Describe: Biomedical model of health

A
  • The dominant model
  • Reductionist approach
  • Focus on individual’s health
  • Disease causation is biologically specific
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9
Q

Describe: Biopsychosocial model of health

A
  • Considers psychological, social factors and biological factors
  • Focus on individual’s health
  • Relationships are central
  • Considers the person’s health in the context of life circumstances
  • Treatment is multidimensional
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10
Q

Describe: Social Model of health

A
  • Considers social, economic, political and environmental determinants
  • Underpinned by the concept of social justice
  • Holistic model
  • Individual, community and population focus
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11
Q

What are the Principles underpinning the Social model of health

A
  • Addresses the broader determinants of health
  • Involves inter-sectoral collaboration
  • Acts to reduce social inequities
  • Empowers individuals
  • Health is a human right
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12
Q

Define: Health Determinants

A

The range of personal, social, economic and environmental factors that determine the health status of individuals or populations

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13
Q

Name the 5 types of Social Determinants

A
  1. Age, sex and hereditary factors
  2. Lifestyle factors
  3. Social and community networks
  4. Living and working conditions
  5. General socio-economic, cultural and environmental conditions
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14
Q

What are the 2 categories of Social Determinants

A

Structural determinants

Intermediary determinants

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15
Q

Define: Social determinants

A

are the causes of the causes of ill health

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16
Q

The Alma Ata Declaration was developed in

A

1978

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17
Q

What did the Alma Ata Declaration do

A
  • Identified PHC as the key to attainment of health for all

- Declared the search for health to be inseparable from the struggle for a more just society

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18
Q

What was the goal of the Alma Ata declaration

A

Health for all by the year 2000

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19
Q

The WHO is…

A

an agency of united nations

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20
Q

List some Structural determinants of health

A

Government
Macroeconomic,
Social and public policies

21
Q

How many Millennium Development Goals are there

22
Q

What year were the Millennium Goals introduced

23
Q

The deadline for the Millenium Goals were…

24
Q

The Millennium Development Goals were designed to…

A
  • address the effects of hunger, disease and lack of adequate shelter in developing countries
  • promote education and gender equality in developing countries
  • Address the effects of poverty on health in developing countries
25
Define: Primary Health Care
is essential health care based on - practical, scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods and - technology made universally acceptable - through full participation - at a cost the community can afford to maintain
26
List the 8 Millennium Development Goals
Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger. Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education. Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women. Goal 4: Reduce child mortality. Goal 5: Improve maternal health. Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases. Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability. Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development.
27
List the 6 Principles of PHC
1. Equitable access to health care 2. Appropriate technology 3. Health promotion 4. Cultural sensitivity 5. Intersectoral collaboration 6. Community participation
28
Define: Primary Care
Is the first point of contact a person has with the health system – the point where people receive care for most of their everyday health needs
29
What are the characteristics of Primary Care
``` Focus on health needs Person-centred approach Continuity of care Trusting relationship Community-based care ```
30
What are the 3 levels of health promotion
Upstream- promoting, maintaining health Midstream- appropriate treatment, protection from harm and disability after illness/injury Downstream- rehabilitation, coping, managing health and illness
31
Define: Secondary and Tertiary Prevention
Secondary- early detection of health problems, prevent complications when illness is present, minimise negative health outcomes and aid recovery Tertiary- reduction of complications associated with acute or chronic illness aim is to achieve optimal wellness
32
Define: Health Inequity
refers to those inequalities in health that are deemed to be unfair or stemming from some form of injustice
33
Health is influenced by what factors
``` Lifestyle Economic Political Cultural Environment Social ```
34
Define: Intermediate determinants
are the material factors, including wealth or access to material resources- the natural, physical and built environment Includes- living/working conditions, education and transport
35
Define: Fragmentation
where health professionals work solely within the confines of their position
36
Define: Health Inequality
is the generic term use to designate the (measurable) difference, variations and disparities in the health achievements of individuals and groups
37
Define: Public health
- historically aimed at promoting health and preventing disease through surveillance and monitoring; - now extended to consider the social determinants of health
38
Explain: Health promotions role in Public Health
health promotion is a process of the new public health and it's strategies are used to achieve public health initiatives
39
Define: Health Promotion
is a process and strategy of enabling people to increase control over, and improve their health
40
Explain: Health Promotion in regards to PHC
- health promo is a PHC strategy - its a political, ecological and capacity building process - its aim is to arrange the social and structural determinants of health in a way that facilitates health - HP efforts are global
41
What are the 3 approaches/models to Health Promotion
PHC approach Lifestyle/behavioural approach Socio-ecological approach
42
When was the Ottawa Charter developed
1986
43
Define the purpose: Ottawa Charter (1986)
shifts the focus from disease prevention and individual responsibility for health to health promotion through building public policy
44
What are the Fundamental condition for health identified by the Ottawa Charter
- peace - shelter - education - food - income - stable ecosystem - sustainable resources - social justice and equity
45
Ottawa Charter (1986) What are the 5 major Strategies for health promotion?
1. Building healthy public policy 2. Creating supportive environments 3. Strengthening community action 4. Developing personal skills 5. Reorienting health services
46
What are 3 basic health promotion strategies
Enable Mediate Advocate
47
What are common health promotion practices
Health education Health communication Nurses, midwives and health promotion practice
48
Define: Community health
is the synthesis or product of people interacting with their environment

Primary Healthcare In Action (3 decks)

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