Week 1-4 Flashcards
Name the 6 dimensions of health
Physical Mental Emotional Spiritual Socio-cultural Environmental
Define: Health
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
The Australian Nursing Federation defines health as:
A state of complete physical, emotional, social and cultural wellbeing of the person across the period of their life, enabling them to achieve their full potential as a human being.
This also applies to the physical, social, emotional and cultural wellbeing of their whole community. It is not merely the absence of disease, injury or disability
Name the 5 Foundations of health
- Ecological- everything is connected to everything else
- Dynamic and socially determined- health is situated in the multilayered, real-world, social contexts of community life
- Reciprocal- health is created in the exchanges between people and their environments
- Health literacy- adequate knowledge to inform health decisions
- Empowerment- knowledge and opportunity to have control over one’s life and health decisions
What are the 4 National Competency Standards for Midwifery
Legal and professional practice
Midwifery knowledge and practice
Midwifery as primary healthcare
Reflection and ethical practice
What are the 9 National Health Priority Areas
- Cardiovascular Health
- Cancer Control
- Injury Prevention And Control
- Mental Health
- Diabetes mellitus
- Asthma
- Arthritis and musculoskeletal conditions Obesity
- Dementia
What are the 3 main models of health
- Biomedical model of health
- Biopsychosocial model of health
- Social model of health
Describe: Biomedical model of health
- The dominant model
- Reductionist approach
- Focus on individual’s health
- Disease causation is biologically specific
Describe: Biopsychosocial model of health
- Considers psychological, social factors and biological factors
- Focus on individual’s health
- Relationships are central
- Considers the person’s health in the context of life circumstances
- Treatment is multidimensional
Describe: Social Model of health
- Considers social, economic, political and environmental determinants
- Underpinned by the concept of social justice
- Holistic model
- Individual, community and population focus
What are the Principles underpinning the Social model of health
- Addresses the broader determinants of health
- Involves inter-sectoral collaboration
- Acts to reduce social inequities
- Empowers individuals
- Health is a human right
Define: Health Determinants
The range of personal, social, economic and environmental factors that determine the health status of individuals or populations
Name the 5 types of Social Determinants
- Age, sex and hereditary factors
- Lifestyle factors
- Social and community networks
- Living and working conditions
- General socio-economic, cultural and environmental conditions
What are the 2 categories of Social Determinants
Structural determinants
Intermediary determinants
Define: Social determinants
are the causes of the causes of ill health
The Alma Ata Declaration was developed in
1978
What did the Alma Ata Declaration do
- Identified PHC as the key to attainment of health for all
- Declared the search for health to be inseparable from the struggle for a more just society
What was the goal of the Alma Ata declaration
Health for all by the year 2000
The WHO is…
an agency of united nations
List some Structural determinants of health
Government
Macroeconomic,
Social and public policies
How many Millennium Development Goals are there
8
What year were the Millennium Goals introduced
2000
The deadline for the Millenium Goals were…
2015
The Millennium Development Goals were designed to…
- address the effects of hunger, disease and lack of adequate shelter in developing countries
- promote education and gender equality in developing countries
- Address the effects of poverty on health in developing countries
Define: Primary Health Care
is essential health care based on
- practical, scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods and
- technology made universally acceptable
- through full participation
- at a cost the community can afford to maintain
List the 8 Millennium Development Goals
Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger.
Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education.
Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women.
Goal 4: Reduce child mortality.
Goal 5: Improve maternal health.
Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases.
Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability.
Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development.
List the 6 Principles of PHC
- Equitable access to health care
- Appropriate technology
- Health promotion
- Cultural sensitivity
- Intersectoral collaboration
- Community participation
Define: Primary Care
Is the first point of contact a person has with the health system – thepoint where people receive care for most of their everyday health needs
What are the characteristics of Primary Care
Focus on health needs Person-centred approach Continuity of care Trusting relationship Community-based care
What are the 3 levels of health promotion
Upstream- promoting, maintaining health
Midstream- appropriate treatment, protection from harm and disability after illness/injury
Downstream- rehabilitation, coping, managing health and illness
Define: Secondary and Tertiary Prevention
Secondary- early detection of health problems, prevent complications when illness is present,
minimise negative health outcomes and aid recovery
Tertiary- reduction of complications associated with acute or chronic illness aim is to achieve optimal wellness
Define: Health Inequity
refers to those inequalities in health that are deemed to be unfair or stemming from some form of injustice
Health is influenced by what factors
Lifestyle Economic Political Cultural Environment Social
Define: Intermediate determinants
are the material factors, including wealth or access to material resources- the natural, physical and built environment
Includes- living/working conditions, education and transport
Define: Fragmentation
where health professionals work solely within the confines of their position
Define: Health Inequality
is the generic term use to designate the (measurable) difference, variations and disparities in the health achievements of individuals and groups
Define: Public health
- historically aimed at promoting health and preventing disease through surveillance and monitoring;
- now extended to consider the social determinants of health
Explain: Health promotions role in Public Health
health promotion is a process of the new public health and it’s strategies are used to achieve public health initiatives
Define: Health Promotion
is a process and strategy of enabling people to increase control over, and improve their health
Explain: Health Promotion in regards to PHC
- health promo is a PHC strategy
- its a political, ecological and capacity building process
- its aim is to arrange the social and structural determinants of health in a way that facilitates health
- HP efforts are global
What are the 3 approaches/models to Health Promotion
PHC approach
Lifestyle/behavioural approach
Socio-ecological approach
When was the Ottawa Charter developed
1986
Define the purpose: Ottawa Charter (1986)
shifts the focus from disease prevention and individual responsibility for health to health promotion through building public policy
What are the Fundamental condition for health identified by the Ottawa Charter
- peace
- shelter
- education
- food
- income
- stable ecosystem
- sustainable resources
- social justice and equity
Ottawa Charter (1986)
What are the 5 major Strategies for health promotion?
- Building healthy public policy
- Creating supportive environments
- Strengthening community action
- Developing personal skills
- Reorienting health services
What are 3 basic health promotion strategies
Enable
Mediate
Advocate
What are common health promotion practices
Health education
Health communication
Nurses, midwives and health promotion practice
Define: Community health
is the synthesis or product of people interacting with their environment
