Week 5-8 Flashcards
Involves receiving, attending to, understanding, responding to, and recalling sounds and visual images, when you’re listening to someone.
Listening
These vibrations travel along acoustic nerves to your brain, which interprets them as your friends words and voice tone, an effect known as
Hearing
Together, seeing and hearing constitute ____, the first step in the listening process.
Receiving
The second step in the listening process, involves devoting attention to the information you received.
Attending
If you find your attention wondering, practice_, systematically putting aside thoughts that aren’t relevant to the interaction at hand.
Mental bracketing
Involves interpreting the meaning of another person’s communication by comparing newly received information against our past knowledge
Understanding
Whenever you receive and attend to new information you place it in your___, the part of your mind that temporary houses the information while you seek to understand its meaning.
Short-term memory
While the new information sits in your short-term memory, you call up relevant knowledge from your___, the part of your mind devoted to permanent information storage.
Long-term memory
What leads you to conclude that John is listening and Sarah isn’t? It’s the way your friends are___-communicating their attention and understanding to you.
Responding-communication
Critical to active listening is using verbal and nonverbal behaviors known as _____ to communicate attention and understanding while others are talking.
Feedback
You may also offer___, verbal and nonverbal behaviors such as nodding and making comments-like (Uh-huh,) (yes,) and (that makes sense) that signal you’ve paid intention to and understood specific comments.
Back-channel cues
One way to do this is by___, summarizing others comments after they have finished, (my read on your message is that…) Or (you seem to be saying that…)
Paraphrasing
The fifth stage of listening is___, remembering information after you’ve received it, attended to, understood, and responded to it.
Recalling
How can you enhance you recall ability?One way is to use___, devices that aid memory
Mnemonics
My experience creating a pizza-delivery mnemonic supports one of the most common findings in the mnemonic research, the___, which causes us to remember unusual information more readily than commonplace information
Bizarreness Effect
The different reasons for listening displayed on “what not to wear” mirror the___, or purposes for listening, we experience daily.
Listening functions
Want brief, too-the-point, and accurate messages from others-information they can then use to make decisions to initiate courses of action.
Action-oriented listeners
Is your habitual pattern of listening behaviors, which reflects your attitudes, beliefs, and predispositions regarding the listening process.
Listening style
Prefer brief and concise encounters.
Time-oriented listeners
View listening as an opportunity to establish commonalities between themselves and others.
People-oriented listeners
Preferred to be intellectually challenged by the messages they receive during interpersonal encounters.
Content-oriented listeners
Perhaps the greatest challenge to active listening is overcoming___, taking in only those bits and pieces of information that are immediately salient during an interpersonal encounter and dismissing the rest.
Selective listening
When people intentionally and systematically set up situations so they can listen to private conversations, they are
Eavesdropping
Behaving as if you’re paying attention though you are really not.
Pseudo-listening
People who engage in ______ (also called ambushing) attend to what others say solely to find an opportunity to attack their conversational partners.
Agressive Listening
Some people engage in aggressive listening online. People known as ____ post messages designed solely as “trolls”to annoy others
Provocateurs
Like its namesake in Greek mythology, _____ is self-absorbed listening: the perpetrator ignores what others have to say and redirects the conversation to him/her and his/her own interest.
Narcissistic Listening
The exchange of spoken or written language with others during interactions
Verbal Communication
Whenever we use items to represent other things, they are considered
Symbols
Define word meaning, they tells us which words represent which objects
Constitutive Rules
Govern how we use language when we verbally communicate
Regulative Rules
Partners in close relationships, for example often create ______, words and phrases that have unique meanings to them.
Personal Idioms
When large groups of people share creative variations on language rules, those variations are called _____. A _____ may include unique phrases, words, and pronunciations (what we call accents) can be shared by people living in a certain region.
Dialects
_____ _______ _______, such as in China, Korea, and Japan, people presume that listeners share extensive knowledge in common with them. People can hint, imply, or suggest meanings and feel confident that they will be understood.
High-Context Cultures
People tend not to presume that listeners share their beliefs, attitudes, and values, so they tailor their verbal communication to be informative, clear, and direct.
Low-Context Cultures
Is the literal meaning of your words, as agreed on by members of your culture, known as _______ _______. It’s what you find in dictionaries.
Denotative Meaning
Additional understandings of a words meaning based on the situation and the knowledge we and our communication partners share. It’s implied, suggested, or hinted at by the words you choose while communicating with others.
Connotative Meaning
Suggests that our ability to think is “at the mercy” of language.
Linguistic Determinism
People from different cultures would perceive and think about the world in very different ways, an effect known as
Linguistic Relativity
Creating linguistic symbols for objects, the process of _____ is one of humankind’s most profound and unique abilities.
Naming
The actions that we perform with language are called _____ ____
Speech Acts
You produce messages that have three characteristics. First, you speak in ways that others can easily understand, using language that is informative, honest, relevant and clear. Second, you take active ownership for what you are saying using “I” language. Third, you make others feel included rather than excluded-for example, through the use of “We.”
Cooperative Verbal Communication
Making our conversational contributions as informative, honest, relevant, and clear as is required, given the purposes of the encounters in which we are involved.
Cooperative principle
Is the single most important characteristic of cooperative verbal communication because other people count on the fact that the information you share with them is truthful
Honesty
When one person misperceives another’s thoughts, feelings, or beliefs as expressed in the other individuals verbal communication,_occurs._Most commonly results from a failure to actively listen.
Misunderstanding
Phrases that place the focus of attention and blame on other people, such as (you let us down.)
“You “ language
Phrases that emphasize ownership of the feelings, opinions, and beliefs
“I “language
Wordings that emphasize inclusion-tend to be more satisfied with their relationships than those who routinely rely on “I “and “you” messages
“We” language
