Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NURS 251 > Week 5 > Flashcards

Week 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the major cause of coronary artery disease?

A

atherosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

atherosclerosis

A

deposits of cholesterol and lipids in the intimal wall of the artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

plaque formation

A

the result of complex interactions between the components of the blood and elements that form the vascular wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

first stage in development of atherosclerosis?

A

fatty streak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

second stage in development of atherosclerosis?

A

fibrous plaque resulting in smooth muscle cell proliferation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

third stage in the development of atherosclerosis

A

complete lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

treatments that can lower LDL and reverse fatty streaks

A

statins (initially lipitor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

a complete lipid profile should be completed?

A

every 5 years beginning at age 20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

a person with a serum cholesterol levels exceeding ______ is at risk for CAD and should be treated.

A

5.2 mmol/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the most commonly used lipid lowering drugs

A

statins (atorvastatin, rosuvastatin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Serious adverse effects of statins

A

liver damage and myopathy that can progress to rhabdomyolosis (skeletal muscle breakdown)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is important for a patient to do while on statins?

A

keep hydrated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does hypertension contribute to CAD?

A

the stress of constantly elevated BP increases the rate of atherosclerotic development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the major risk factors in CAD?

A

elevated serum lipid levels, hypertension, smoking, physical inactivity and obesity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does tobacco use affect CAD?

A

nicotine causes release of catecholamines which cause increased HR, BP and vasoconstriction. This changes the cardiac workload and increases myocardial oxygen consumption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does physical activity help prevent CAD?

A

exercise enhances fibrinolytic activity thus reducing the risk of clot formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the minimum amount of physical activity?

A

150 mins per week (30 mins per day) of moderate to vigorous exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the factor that indicates the greatest health risk related to obesity

A

waist circumference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how does obesity affect CAD?

A

the increased risk for CAD is proportional to the degree of obesity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Angina.

A

Chest pain. The clinical manifestation of reversible myocardial ischemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Chronic stable angina

A

chest pain that occurs intermittently over a long period of time with the same pattern of onset, duration and intensity of symptoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how long does chronic stable angina last?

A

3-5 minutes. Anything longer is unstable angina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

STEMI

A

ST elevation greater than 2cm on the ECG. Treated immediately.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Non-STEMI

A

No ST elevation. It is depressed or inverted

25
Pain with chronic stable angina usually goes away?
with rest
26
Prinzmetals Angina
often occurs at rest, usually in response to spasm of a major coronary artery
27
treatment for angina
nitro, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, and ACE inhibitors
28
when taking nitro for angina, the patients pain should be relived within?
5 minutes, if not, contact EMS
29
Side effects of nitroglycerin
headache, dizziness, and increased HR
30
what is the preferred drug for chronic stable angina
beta blockers
31
beta blocker medications end in?
-lol
32
how do beta blockers work?
decrease myocardial contractility, HR, BP, and SVR, all of which reduce myocardial oxygen demand
33
adverse effects of beta blockers
bradycardia and hypotension
34
calcium channel blockers are used if
beta blockers are contraindicated or do not control angina symptoms
35
examples of calcium channel blockers
nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem
36
effects of calcium channel blockers
systemic vasodilation with decreased SVR, decreased myocardial contractility and coronary vasodilation, thus increasing blood flow
37
High risk patients with chronic stable angina that may benefit from the addition of an ACE are?
patients with diabetes, significant CAD as determined by angiogram and/or previous history of MI with left ventricular dysfunction
38
Acute coronary syndrome is
prolonged and not immediately reversible
39
ACS encompasses?
NSTEMI, STEMI and unstable angina
40
ACS etiology
deterioration of a once stable atherosclerotic plaque. The plaque ruptures and a thrombus forms
41
unstable lesion that may be partially occluded by a thrombus manifests as
unstable angina or NSTEMI
42
when there is total occlusion by a thrombus it is?
STEMI
43
Unstable angina
chest pain that is new in onset, occurs at rest or has a worsening pattern
44
Unstable angina is?
an unpredictable emergency
45
Womens experience of unstable angina?
fatigue, SOB, indigestion and anxiety
46
Myocardial infarction
occurs as a result of sustained ischemia (lasting longer than 5 mins), causing irreversible myocardial cell death
47
cardiac cells can withstand ischemic conditions for _______ before cell death begins
20 minutes
48
if ischemia persists, the entire thickness of the heart muscle becomes necrosed in approximately?
5-6 hours
49
inferior wall infarcts result from
occlusions in the right coronary artery
50
anterior wall infarcts result from
occlusions in the left anterior descending artery
51
Clinical manifestations of MI
Pain, diaphoresis, increased HR and BP, nausea and vomiting, and fever
52
Complications of MI
Dysrhythmias, cardiogenic shock and heart failure
53
cardiogenic shock
inadequate oxygen causes severe left ventricular failure. Occurs when patient has to wait a long time for treatment
54
Heart failure
the pumping power of the heart is diminished. Initial sounds include mild dyspnea, restlessness or tachycardia
55
what is the primary tool to rule out unstable angina or MI?
ECG
56
Serum cardiac markers
Are used to diagnose MI. troponin and creatine kinase.
57
what is the first line treatment for confirmed MI?
Coronary angiography
58
Coronary artery bypass graft surgery
consists of bypassing the obstructed coronary artery with grafts from the internal mammary artery or saphenous vein
59
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)
a drug eluded stent is placed to prop the vessel open

NURS 251 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions