Week 12 - Renal Flashcards
Acute kidney injury is characterized by
an abrupt decline in kidney function leading to a rise in creatinine and a reduction in urine output or both
Prerenal causes of AKI
those that reduce blood flow (hypovolemia) and lead to decreased glomerular perfusion and filtration
AKI associated with prerenal causes is usually?
reversible
How is prerenal AKI treated
by giving volume
Intrarenal AKI
conditions that cause direct damage to the renal tissue resulting in impaired nephron function
Causes of intrarenal AKI
prolonged ischemia, nephrotoxins or myoglobin released from necrotic muscle cells
What is the most common cause of intrarenal AKI
Acute tubular necrosis
Postrenal causes of AKI
involve mechanical obstruction of urinary outflow
What happens when urine output decreases (oliguria)?
Fluid retention occurs, resulting in edema, hypertension and JVD
What is a common life-threatening complication seen in the patient with oliguria?
potassium excess
Chronic kidney disease
involves the progressive, irreversible loss of kidney function
The effects of CKD are manifested in?
every body system
As GFR declines…
creatinine and BUN levels increase
What is very common in CKD?
Anemia, due to decreased production of erythropoietin
Why is itchiness common in CKD?
it results from a combination of the dry skin, calcium-phosphate deposition in the skin and sensory neuropathy
What is one of the most important risk factors for the CKD
proteinuria
Progression of CKD can be delayed by?
controlling hypertension through lifestyle modification, fluid and sodium restriction and ACE inhibitors
Which medications can decrease proteinuria
ACEIs and ARBs
