Week 1

Question 1

Immunity

Answer 1

a state of responsiveness to foreign substances substances such as microorganisms, tumour proteins, fungus, organ transplants and cancer cells

Question 2

3 functions of the immune system

Answer 2

1. defense
2. homeostasis
3. surveillance

Question 3

what is immune defense?

Answer 3

protection against invasions and prevention of infection by attacking. Skin, cornea and mucous membranes protect against invasions

Question 4

Homeostasis in the context of immune system

Answer 4

damaged cellular substances are digested and removed so that the body’s cell types remain uniform and unchanged.

Question 5

surveillance in the context of the immune system?

Answer 5

mutations are recognized as foreign and are destroyed

Question 6

steps in surveillance

Answer 6

1. regognition
2. mobilization of WBCs (neutrophils)
3. Control and get rid of
4. Excreted

Question 7

a vaccine is an example of?

Answer 7

active immunity

Question 8

Transfer of immunoglobulins from mother to placenta is an example of?

Answer 8

passive immunity

Question 9

immunity obtained due to having already had a disease is an example of?

Answer 9

active immunity

Question 10

injection of serum antibodies (allergy shots) is an example of?

Answer 10

passive immunity

Question 11

In which type of immunity are antibodies synthesized?

Answer 11

active immunity

Question 12

in which type of immunity does the host receive antibodies?

Answer 12

passive immunity

Question 13

which type of immunity takes time to develop?

Answer 13

active immunity

Question 14

which type of immunity has an immediate effect?

Answer 14

passive immunity

Question 15

which type of immunity is long lasting?

Answer 15

active immunity

Question 16

which type of immunity is short lived?

Answer 16

passive immunity

Question 17

atopic reactions

Answer 17

caused by environmental allergens and have a genetic factor

Question 18

allergic rhinitis is also known as

Answer 18

hay fever

Question 19

symptoms of allergic rhinitis

Answer 19

nasal discharge, sneezing, lacrimation, puritus around the eyes, nose, mouth and throat

Question 20

causes of allergic rhinitis?

Answer 20

substances such as pollens, dusts or moulds

Question 21

asthma

Answer 21

SRS-A and histamine produce bronchial smooth muscle constriction, excessive secretion of viscous mucous and decreased lung compliance

Question 22

Symptoms of asthma

Answer 22

dyspnea, wheezing, coughing, sensation of tightness in the chest, and thick sputum

Question 23

Dermatitis is also known as

Answer 23

excema

Question 24

Is dermatitis more generalized or localized?

Answer 24

generalized

Question 25

What is responsible for the itchiness associated with urtricaria (hives)?

Answer 25

Histamine

Question 26

Antihistamines block?

Answer 26

H1 receptors but not H2

Question 27

Zantac (ratinidine) blocks?

Answer 27

H2 receptors

Question 28

what may be suggested for a food allergy?

Answer 28

elimination diet

Question 29

what can be done to control environmental allergens

Answer 29

change occupation, give up pet, cover matreaa and pillows with hypoallergenic covers and sleeping in an air conditioned room instead of opening the window

Question 30

How can anaphylaxis be life threatening?

Answer 30

as a result of bronchial constriction and subsequent airway obstruction and vascular collapse. Cardiac arrest can also occur

Question 31

angioedema

Answer 31

localized cutaneous lesions that involve deeper layers of skin and submucosa

Question 32

Best way to detect HIV?

Answer 32

screening for HIV specific antibodies

Question 33

how long of a delay is there in between HIV infection and detection?

Answer 33

2 months