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Nurs 3550 > Week 5 + 6 Drugs > Flashcards

Week 5 + 6 Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Effects of Hydralazine?

A. Selective dilation of arterioles
B. Selective dilation of veins

A

Answer: A. Selective dilation of arterioles

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2
Q

Selective dilation of arterioles causes:

A. Decreased peripheral resistance, decreased BP, increased contractility, and increased HR.
B. Increased BP, decreased contractility, and increased HR.
C. Increased peripheral resistance, increased BP, and HR.

A

Answer: A. Decreased peripheral resistance, decreased BP, increased contractility, and increased HR.

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3
Q

When do the effects of hydralazine occur after oral administration?

A. 3 hours
B. 2 hours
C. 30 minutes
D. 45 minutes

A

Answer:
D. 45 minutes

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4
Q

What is the duration of hydralazine after oral administration?

A. 8 hours
B. 6 hours
C. 24 hours
D. 10 hours

A

B. 6 hours

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5
Q

What is the onset and duration of hydralazine after IV administration?

A. 30 minutes onset, 4 hours duration
B. 45 minute onset, 4-6 hour duration
C. Immediate onset, 2-4 hour duration
D. Immediate onset, 4-6 hour duration

A

Answer: C. Immediate onset, 2-4 hour duration

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6
Q

What are the uses of Hydralazine?

A

HTN (not commonly used currently)
HTN Crisis (IV admin, small incremental doses)
HF (short term, after load reduce)

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7
Q

What are the common adverse effects of Hydralazine?

A

Reflex tachycardia (dizziness, increased BV, headache, fatigue, and weakness)

Systemic Lupus Erythrematous -like syndrome ( muscle and joint pain, kidney injury, pericarditis)

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8
Q

What are the drug to drug interactions for Hydralazine?

A

beta-blockers and diuretics

(prevent increased BV and reflex tachycardia).

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9
Q

What is the drug of choice for HTN Crisis?

A. Hydralazine
B. Sodium nitroprusside
C. Atropine
D. Warfarin

A

Answer:
B. Sodium nitroprusside

Rationale: fastest vasodilator

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10
Q

What are the effects of sodium nitroprusside?

A. Venous dilation
B. Venous and arterial dilation
C. Increased force of contraction
D. Arterial dilation

A

Answer: B

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11
Q

What is the mechanism of action of sodium nitroprusside?

A

Breaks down into NO, which activates an enzyme in vascular smooth muscle that causes vasodilation.

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12
Q

What are the routes of administration for Sodium Nitroprusside?

A. IV, IM
B. IM Only
C. IV, SC
D. IV only

A

D. IV ONLY

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13
Q

What occurs when stopping sodium nitroprusside treatment?

A

BP returns to pre treatment levels

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14
Q

Where is sodium nitroprusside excreted?

A. Kidney
B. Liver
C. Tissues
D. Liver and kidney

A

Answer: A. Kidneys

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15
Q

What are the adverse effects associated with sodium nitroprusside?

A

Excessive hypotension
Thiocyanate poisoning
Cyanide poisoning

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of thiocyanate poisoning after use of sodium nitroprusside?

A

Psychosis, erratic behaviour, confusion

17
Q

What do you do if you suspect your patient is experiencing cyanide poisoning after taking sodium nitroprusside?

A

Stop the medication

18
Q

Cyanide poisoning is more common in patients with?

A

Liver disease

19
Q

What are the three main categories of drugs for thromboembolic disorders?

A

Anticoagulants
Anti platelets
Thrombolytics

20
Q

What is the MOA for anticoagulants?

A

Disrupt coagulation cascade and suppress fibrin production (venous thrombosis)

21
Q

What is the MOA for anti-platelets?

A

Prevent platelet aggregation (arterial thrombosis)

22
Q

What is the MOA for thrombolytics?

A

Break up fibrin and dissolve thrombi

23
Q

What drug would be considered an anticoagulant?

A

Heparin
(Made of long chain polysaccharide chain with a 5 sugar chain)

24
Q

What is the MOA of heparin?

A

Binds to antithrombin, causing a structural change that allows antithrombin to work better to inactivate thrombin and factor Xa (supress fibrin formation).

25
Q

Why is IM heparin avoided?

A

It causes hematoma.

26
Q

What are the main routes of administration for heparin?

A. IV, IM
B. IV, SC, IM
C. IV, SC
D. IV only

A

Answer: C

IM causes hematoma, this route not recommended.

27
Q

Heparin absorption:

A

No GI Absorption
Does not cross BBB
Does not cross placenta or breast milk

28
Q

Where is heparin metabolized and excreted?

A. Hepatic metabolism, renal excretion
B. Renal metabolism, hepatic excretion
C. Liver metabolism and excretion
D. Kidney metabolism,l and excretion

A

A. Hepatic metabolism, renal excretion

29
Q

What is the half life of heparin?

A. 6 hours
B. 3.5 hours
C. 5 hours
D. 1.5 hours

A

D. 1.5 hours

Can be longer if renal or hepatic failure

30
Q

What are the uses of heparin?

A

Pregnancy
PE or large DVT
Preventative TX of hospitalized patients
DIC
MI

31
Q

What are the 3 major adverse effects of Heparin?

A

Hemorrhage
Spinal or epidural hematoma
Heparin induced thrombocytopenia
Hypersensitivity

Nurs 3550 (10 decks)

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