Week 5

Question 1

What is the definition of anxiety?

Answer 1

A diffuse, highly unpleasant, often vague sense of apprehension or foreboding, accompanied by changes in bodily responses and behaviour.

Question 2

What is the definition of pathological anxiety?

Answer 2

The anxiety is more frequent, more severe, or more persistent than the individual is accustomed to or can tolerate.

Question 3

What are similarities of anxiety and fear?

Answer 3

They both involve negative affect

Question 4

What are the differences between anxiety and fear?

Answer 4

Anxiety = somatic symptoms + feelings about the future
Fear = sympathetic nervous system arousal + escapist tendencies in response to danger

Question 5

According to the DSM-IV, what are the 3 types of panic attacks?

Answer 5

• Situationally bound (cued)
• unexpected (uncued)
• situationally predisposed (was removed in DSM-5)

Question 6

Which disorders are no longer considered anxiety disorders in the DSM-5?

Answer 6

• GAD
• PTSD
• Acute stress disorder

Question 7

What are three contributors to anxiety disorders?

Answer 7

• Biological = 1 in 4 chance if parent has GAD. involves low levels of serotonin + GABA
• Psychological
• Social

Question 8

Describe the triple vulnerability theory

Answer 8

• 3 factors contributing to an anxiety disorder:
  
  • Generalised biological vulnerability
  • Psychological vulnerability
  • Specific psychological vulnerability

Question 9

what 4 anxiety disorders did we learn about?

Answer 9

• GAD
• Panic disorder (with and without agoraphobia)
• Specific phobia
• Social anxiety disorder (social phobia)

Question 10

What is the prevalence of GAD?

Answer 10

• 4% of population
• women twice as likely as men
• mean age of onset is 25

Question 11

What is the pharmacological treatment for GAD and what are the negatives?

Answer 11

• Benzodiazepines BUT probs with motor functioning & psychological/physical dependence
• Tricyclics antidepressants and SSRIs are considered better and safer

Question 12

What are the negatives of using psychoanalytic treatment for GAD?

Answer 12

• Takes a long time

- not as much evidence as CBT

Question 13

What are the three CBT components for treating GAD?

Answer 13

• Cognitive restructuring
• Relaxation training
• Worry exposure assignments

Question 14

What is the definition of a panic attack?

Answer 14

Intense anxiety reactions with oppressive physical features, including rapid breathing, pounding heart, shortness of breath, heavy perspiration & weakness or dizziness

Question 15

How do people develop PD?

Answer 15

• Genetic (15-17%)
• heart problems
• misattribution of physical symptoms

Question 16

What is the prevalence of PD?

Answer 16

• 3.5% of population
• Mean age of onset 25-29
• 75% or more are women

Question 17

How do you treat PD?

Answer 17

• Antidepressants & anxiolytics have a 60% effectiveness rate
• Gradual exposure
• Cognitive treatment
• Behavioural treatment
• Relaxation

Question 18

What is the prevalence of specific phobias?

Answer 18

About 12.5% of population

4:1 female:male

Question 19

What causes specific phobias?

Answer 19

• Direct experience
• Vicarious experience
• Information transmission
“Prepared”

Question 20

What are specific phobia treatments?

Answer 20

• Exposure-based strategies;
• Relaxation techniques;
Under therapeutic supervision

Question 21

What are the variations of exposure therapy?

Answer 21

• In vivo
• Imaginal
• Virtual reality
• Interoceptive

Question 22

What is the prevalence of social anxiety disorder?

Answer 22

• 12.1% life, 6.8% year
• Equal male/female
• Peak age of onset = 13
• 13.6% young, undereducated, low SES
• 6.6% over 60

Question 23

What are the treatments for social anxiety disorder?

Answer 23

• Rehearsal and role-play

* Cognitive-restructuring

Question 24

What is the difference between acute, chronic, and delayed PTSD?

Answer 24

• Acute = lasts longer than 1 month
• Chronic = lasts longer than 3 months
• delayed = has a late onset