Week 3 Flashcards
Define case formulation
In simple terms, case formulation describes what is going on, and what you are going to do about it.
What are the steps involved in case formulation?
- Obtain a comprehensive problem list
- Develop a diagnosis
- Propose an explanatory hypothesis from psychological theory and evidence (4 Ps)
- Planning treatment
What are the 4 Ps?
- Predisposing factors
- Precipitating factors
- Perpetuating factors
- Protective factors
Explain predisposing factors (from the 4 Ps)
Factors that make a person susceptible to a diagnosis. E.g. developmental milestones, social, familial, cultural factors.
Explain precipitating factors (from the 4 Ps)
What triggered the behaviour - why now?
Can be distal (within the individual) or proximal (around the individual)
Explain perpetuating factors (from the 4 Ps)
Maintaining factors - cognitive and behavioural factors that maintain the problem or make it worse
Explain protective factors (from the 4 Ps)
Characteristics in the person’s life that should facilitate problem solving.
What percentage of the Australian population is affected by depression?
10%
What are some of the difficulties associated with diagnosing depression?
- it is both under and over diagnosed
- Only half of depressed people are recognised as having depression
- there are difficulties in differentiating clinical depression with sub-threshold depression
What are the DSM-IV criteria for diagnosing major depressive disorder?
Have 5 or more of the following for at least 2 weeks:
- Depressed mood
OR
- Anhedonia
ALONG WITH
- weight/appetite change
- Sleep problems
- Psychomotor agitation or retardation
- Fatigue
- Feelings of worthlessness/guilt
- Poor concentration/indecisiveness
- Suicidal ideationWhat 4 divisions can symptoms of major depressive disorder be divided into?
- Mood
- Behaviour
- Physical/Somatic
- Cognition
What percentage of people who have major depressive disorder, single episode have another depressive episode in their lifetime?
35-85%. 20% chance of having another episode in the 1st year and 40% in the second year, and 60% in 5 years.
What is the median lifetime number of major depressive episodes?
4-7. 25% of people experience 6 or more episodes.
What is the median length of major depressive episodes?
4-5 months, somewhat shorter than the length of the first episode.
With treatment, what are the recovery rates of depression?
80% recover within 2 years of initial onset.
