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Bionics and Cyborg Technology > Week 5 > Flashcards

Week 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Mechatronic Engineering?

A

The synergistic combination of mechanical, electronic, computer, and control systems along with a dash of systems engineering.

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2
Q

Who invented the term mechatronics?

A

Japanese engineer in the 1969, by combining the words Mechanisms + Electronics.

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3
Q

What is different about the term mechatronics today?

A

Integrating mechanical engineering with electronics and intelligent computer control in the design and manufacturer of products and processes.

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4
Q

What is Biomechatronics?

A

A multidisciplinary field that combines the intelligence and efforts of engineers, researchers and clinicians from many disciplines including biology, biomedical and biomechanical engineering, human-machine interaction, rehabilitation medicine, prosthetics and orthotics.!

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5
Q

What does Biomechatronics integrate?

A

Biomechatronics uses biologically inspired design to integrate the mechanical parts with biological system, e.g. robot fish

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6
Q

What is the neuromuscular system composed of?

A

nervous control systems and the muscular and skeletal systems

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7
Q

The central nervous system process?

A

sensory information, generates the motor commands, and sends the motor commands to skeletal muscle via the efferent division to execute the effectors.!

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8
Q

Is there a feedback mechanism in the NMS system?

A

yes

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9
Q

What would a Biomechatronic system look like?

A

integrate mechanics, embedded control and human-machine interaction (HMI), sensor, actuators and energy supply

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10
Q

What is not only the most complex and least understood, but it is the the most difficult to interface with.

A

The human element

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11
Q

What does not always produce the same results?

A

Repeated sets of inputs

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12
Q

In the typical biomechatronic system, what components can be identified?

A 
A Human Subject 
Stimulus or Actuation 
Transducers and Sensors 
Signal Conditioning Elements 
Recording and Display 
Feedback Elements
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13
Q

What makes biomechatronics particularly interesting compared with other mechatronic systems

A

the diversity and complexity of human physiology.

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14
Q

What can be used as a control variable since EMG signals reflect the activities of the muscles?

A

Myoelectric control is related to the subject’s intention

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15
Q

Wgat have researches used to continuously control exoskeleton robots that can be worn by human subjects as an assistive device.

A

EMG signals

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16
Q

what provides a new approach to learn the mechanism of cerebral plasticity as well as to assist the rehabilitation process

A

brain-control interface (BCI), using electroencephaolography (EEG) as control signal

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17
Q

What better improved on walking speed and more independent walking ability than subjects receiving conventional gait therapy?

A

Robot-assisted gait training and robot-assisted gait treatment augmented with FES on subacute stroke subjects

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18
Q

The motor improvements of what were better than those with CPM by retraining and post training evaluations?

A

the active-assisted robot treatments

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19
Q

How can he process of stimulation be introduced?

A

a feedback element.

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20
Q

Sources of stimuli can encompass what?

A

any modality that has an effect on the human element.

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21
Q

What devices that convert physiological outputs into signals that can be used?

A

Transducers and Sensors

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22
Q

what amplifies electrical signals?

A

sensors

23
Q

How can sensors be converted?

A

chemical concentration, temperature, pressure, or flow into electrical signals that can be further processed.

24
Q

Interfacing to the human body, sensors must be what?

A

biocompatible, flexible, and extremely robust to survive in the aggressive internal environment, while surface sensors, particularly electrodes, must be able to form a compatible and relatively stable conductive interface across the skin

25
Q

Signal processing involves what?

A

modification of the electrical signal to some form that is more useful.

26
Q

modification of the electrical signal involves what?

A

amplification and filtering to extract salient features and the conversion of the analog signal to a digital equivalent that allows for the application of complex algorithms to obtain subtler characteristics

27
Q

In many cases, the biomechatronic device functions to monitor what?

A

a physiological process or response

28
Q

it may be important to display what, when monitoring a physiological process or response

A

the information in a form that is easy to interpret, or to store it for later analysis.

29
Q

What are examples of monitoring systems?

A

the 12- lead electrocardiograph, pneumotachographs and sphygmomanometers.

30
Q

In a closed-loop control application, any stimulus or excitation signal is conditioned by what?

A

the processed outputs of one or a number of sensors monitoring the physiological process.

31
Q

what includes further processing through control elements?

A

The link that connects the sensing output back to the stimulus

32
Q

This feedback can be used to close what?

A

an external loop or one that operates through the human being.

33
Q

When and Who was OS developed?

A

1969 by Bell Labs in conjunction with M.I.T.

34
Q

What is Unix commonly used for?

A

Universities and Academia

35
Q

Who started using UNIX?

A

Graduates began using UNIX at their jobs

36
Q

What was Microsoft DOS designed for?

A

Designed to be an operating system that could run on any 8086-family computer

37
Q

What occurred in the 1980s?

A

Microsoft DOS was main operating system for personal computers

38
Q

What does CLI stand for?

A

Command line interface

39
Q

When do you use rm command?

A

delete files

40
Q

Can you retrieve files again after using rm?

A

no

41
Q

What should you use carefully when deleting files?

A

use wildcards carefully

42
Q

What is scripting language?

A

or script language is a programming language that supports scripts, programs written for a special run-time environment that can interpret (rather than compile) and automate the execution of tasks which could alternatively be executed one-by-one by a human operator.

43
Q

When do you use triple double-quotes?

A

for multi-line strings or strings than contain both ‘ and “ inside of them

44
Q

What is meaningful in Python?

A

Whitespace especially indentation and placement of newlines

45
Q

When do you Use a newline?

A

to end a line of code

46
Q

When do you Use \?

A

when must go to next line prematurely

47
Q

What is not used to mark blocks of code in Python?

A

No braces { }

48
Q

The first line with less indentation is where?

A

outside of the block

49
Q

The first line with more indentation starts what?

A

a nested block

50
Q

what appears at the start of a new block?

A

a colon

51
Q

What do you Start comments with?

A

– the rest of line is ignored

52
Q

Can you include a “documentation string” as the first line of any new function or class that you define.

A

yes

53
Q

Names in coding are what?

A

case sensitive and cannot start with a number

Bionics and Cyborg Technology (7 decks)

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