Week 5 Flashcards
What is Mechatronic Engineering?
The synergistic combination of mechanical, electronic, computer, and control systems along with a dash of systems engineering.
Who invented the term mechatronics?
Japanese engineer in the 1969, by combining the words Mechanisms + Electronics.
What is different about the term mechatronics today?
Integrating mechanical engineering with electronics and intelligent computer control in the design and manufacturer of products and processes.
What is Biomechatronics?
A multidisciplinary field that combines the intelligence and efforts of engineers, researchers and clinicians from many disciplines including biology, biomedical and biomechanical engineering, human-machine interaction, rehabilitation medicine, prosthetics and orthotics.!
What does Biomechatronics integrate?
Biomechatronics uses biologically inspired design to integrate the mechanical parts with biological system, e.g. robot fish
What is the neuromuscular system composed of?
nervous control systems and the muscular and skeletal systems
The central nervous system process?
sensory information, generates the motor commands, and sends the motor commands to skeletal muscle via the efferent division to execute the effectors.!
Is there a feedback mechanism in the NMS system?
yes
What would a Biomechatronic system look like?
integrate mechanics, embedded control and human-machine interaction (HMI), sensor, actuators and energy supply
What is not only the most complex and least understood, but it is the the most difficult to interface with.
The human element
What does not always produce the same results?
Repeated sets of inputs
In the typical biomechatronic system, what components can be identified?
A Human Subject Stimulus or Actuation Transducers and Sensors Signal Conditioning Elements Recording and Display Feedback Elements
What makes biomechatronics particularly interesting compared with other mechatronic systems
the diversity and complexity of human physiology.
What can be used as a control variable since EMG signals reflect the activities of the muscles?
Myoelectric control is related to the subject’s intention
Wgat have researches used to continuously control exoskeleton robots that can be worn by human subjects as an assistive device.
EMG signals
what provides a new approach to learn the mechanism of cerebral plasticity as well as to assist the rehabilitation process
brain-control interface (BCI), using electroencephaolography (EEG) as control signal
What better improved on walking speed and more independent walking ability than subjects receiving conventional gait therapy?
Robot-assisted gait training and robot-assisted gait treatment augmented with FES on subacute stroke subjects
The motor improvements of what were better than those with CPM by retraining and post training evaluations?
the active-assisted robot treatments
How can he process of stimulation be introduced?
a feedback element.
Sources of stimuli can encompass what?
any modality that has an effect on the human element.
What devices that convert physiological outputs into signals that can be used?
Transducers and Sensors
what amplifies electrical signals?
sensors
How can sensors be converted?
chemical concentration, temperature, pressure, or flow into electrical signals that can be further processed.
Interfacing to the human body, sensors must be what?
biocompatible, flexible, and extremely robust to survive in the aggressive internal environment, while surface sensors, particularly electrodes, must be able to form a compatible and relatively stable conductive interface across the skin
Signal processing involves what?
modification of the electrical signal to some form that is more useful.
modification of the electrical signal involves what?
amplification and filtering to extract salient features and the conversion of the analog signal to a digital equivalent that allows for the application of complex algorithms to obtain subtler characteristics
In many cases, the biomechatronic device functions to monitor what?
a physiological process or response
it may be important to display what, when monitoring a physiological process or response
the information in a form that is easy to interpret, or to store it for later analysis.
What are examples of monitoring systems?
the 12- lead electrocardiograph, pneumotachographs and sphygmomanometers.
In a closed-loop control application, any stimulus or excitation signal is conditioned by what?
the processed outputs of one or a number of sensors monitoring the physiological process.
what includes further processing through control elements?
The link that connects the sensing output back to the stimulus
This feedback can be used to close what?
an external loop or one that operates through the human being.
When and Who was OS developed?
1969 by Bell Labs in conjunction with M.I.T.
What is Unix commonly used for?
Universities and Academia
Who started using UNIX?
Graduates began using UNIX at their jobs
What was Microsoft DOS designed for?
Designed to be an operating system that could run on any 8086-family computer
What occurred in the 1980s?
Microsoft DOS was main operating system for personal computers
What does CLI stand for?
Command line interface
When do you use rm command?
delete files
Can you retrieve files again after using rm?
no
What should you use carefully when deleting files?
use wildcards carefully
What is scripting language?
or script language is a programming language that supports scripts, programs written for a special run-time environment that can interpret (rather than compile) and automate the execution of tasks which could alternatively be executed one-by-one by a human operator.
When do you use triple double-quotes?
for multi-line strings or strings than contain both ‘ and “ inside of them
What is meaningful in Python?
Whitespace especially indentation and placement of newlines
When do you Use a newline?
to end a line of code
When do you Use \?
when must go to next line prematurely
What is not used to mark blocks of code in Python?
No braces { }
The first line with less indentation is where?
outside of the block
The first line with more indentation starts what?
a nested block
what appears at the start of a new block?
a colon
What do you Start comments with?
– the rest of line is ignored
Can you include a “documentation string” as the first line of any new function or class that you define.
yes
Names in coding are what?
case sensitive and cannot start with a number
