Practice quiz 5

Question 1

The fundamental electrical building block for all things biomechatronic is the…..?

Answer 1

switch

Question 2

The motor speed of a DC motor which is under constant load (torque) is determined solely by the _______________.

Answer 2

applied voltage

Question 3

Which electrical devices is/are considered actuators and help produce or trigger physiological responses by stimulating the body’s musculature or nerves?

Answer 3

Cochlear Implants

Question 4

Which of the following is not an important DC Motor preformance requirement?

Answer 4

Minimum power output.

Question 5

A servo mechanism is a device using error-sensing feedback to control the performance of a mechanism. Servo mechanisms often use a servo motor, but this is not necessary as long as feedback is used to control some characteristics of the system. An example includes:

Answer 5

Insulin Pump

Question 6

Due to their low cost, good reliability, and the ease with which they can be controlled by microprocessors, RC servos are used in many mechatronic applications. Power and control are provided through how many wires?

Answer 6

3

Question 7

True or False: A closed-loop transfer function is a mathematical expression (algorithm) describing the net result of the effects of a closed (feedback) loop on the input signal to the circuits enclosed by the loop.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Which of the folowing is an advantage of a Linear Actuator?

Answer 8

Electrically operated designs can be self-contained, requiring only electrical power and a control interface (whichcan be as simple as a button or toggle switch).

Question 9

Which of the following is a disadvantage of a Linear Actuator?

Answer 9

Lacks Compliance

Question 10

What is the selection Criteria for the Power Knee?

Answer 10

Unilateral and bilateral transfemoral amputees
Moderate to active users
Well-fitting well-suspended socket
Patient weight range: 60 - 100kg (135 - 220 lb)

Question 11

The WalkAid activates the muscles that dorsiflex the foot at the appropriate time during the gait cycle, producing a much more natural and efficient pattern of walking, with increased stability. Further, WalkAide may;

Answer 11

improve circulation

Question 12

True or False: For O&P devices to move with a high level of stability and biological realism, biomimetics control strategies must be advanced that are consistent with biomechanical principles of human movement. This will require a robust architecture, solid design, and software to be programmed with a control scheme to handle all imaginable variables.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

True or False: Similar to human muscles, Pneumatic Artificial Muscles (PAMs) are usually grouped in pairs: one agonist and one antagonist.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

True or False: Similar to human muscles, Linear Actuators are usually grouped in pairs: one agonist and one antagonist.

Answer 14

False

Question 15

Advantages of Pneumatic Air Muscles s are

Answer 15

PAMs are very lightweight because their main element is a thin membrane.

Question 16

True or False: Closed-loop control is useful for well-defined systems where the relationship between input and the resultant state can be modeled by a mathematical formula. For example, determining the voltage to be fed to an electric motor that drives a constant load, in order to achieve a desired speed would be a good application of open-loop control. If the load were not predictable, on the other hand, the motor’s speed might vary as a function of the load as well as of the voltage, and an open-loop controller would therefore not be sufficient to ensure repeatable control of the velocity.

Answer 16

False

Question 17

What is the advantage of using Lead Acid batteries in robotics applications?

Answer 17

Cheap
Easily rechargeable
High power output capability

Question 18

What is the advantage of Alkaline batteries?

Answer 18

Popular and well-known
Relatively safe
Long shelf-life

Question 19

What is the advantage of NiCad batteries?

Answer 19

Inexpensive
Rugged
Come in “standard” sizes and are easy to recharge

Question 20

What is the advantage of NiMH batteries?

Answer 20

Good alternative to Alkalines in most situations.
High power density, “standard” size, better capability than alkalines, pretty easy to recharge but not as rugged.
Better capability than alkalines and pretty easy to recharge.

Question 21

What is the advantage of Lithium Ion and Lithium Polymer Batteries?

Answer 21

Ultra-light weight
High power and high capability
High cell voltage.

Question 22

What is the advantage of Lithium Coin Cell batteries?

Answer 22

Light, high-density, small, and inexpensive
High cell voltage
Easy to stack for higher voltages

Question 23

Which Battery has the highest power density?

Answer 23

Lead Acid

Question 24

According to Norbert Weiner, which of the following would make a prosthesis cybernetic?

Answer 24

Equipping joints and the sole of the artificial foot with strain or pressure gauges to register electrically or otherwise, through vibrators, on intact areas of skin.
Installation of a microprocessor
Installation of an actuator

Question 25

According to Norbert Weiner, a prosthesis lacks what essential element of cybernetics?

Answer 25

The ability to provide passive support and mechanical extension of the residual limb
The ability to compensate for the loss of contractile power of the muscles
The ability to compensate for the loss of contractile power of the muscles
The ability to compensate the loss of all cutaneous and kinesthetic sensations originating in it

Question 26

Microprocessors/Microcontrollers typically operate at what voltage?

Answer 26

5 volts

Question 27

True or False: Proprioception (stress, strain, rate of strain, joint position, and velocity) can be simulated through use and deployment of digital encoders, analog potentiometers, magnetic Hall-effect sensors, magneto-resistive encoders, analog linear variable displacement transformer (LVDT) sensors, and, for small motions, piezo-resistive sensors.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

True or False: Balance (acceleration, gravity, and angular velocity) can be managed robotically through technology borrowed from the automotive industry.

Answer 28

true

Question 29

Proprio, C-leg, and Rheo use what type of battery?

Answer 29

Lithium-Ion

Question 30

What are the stance phase adjustments of C-Leg ?

Answer 30

Maximum Toe Load, Stance Flexion Damping, Dynamic Maximum Toe Load,

Question 31

What are the swing phase adjustments of C-Leg ?

Answer 31

Dynamic Factor, Knee Angle Threshold, Initial Swing Flexion Damping, and Swing Extension Damping (terminal impact control).

Question 32

What are the stance phase adjustments of Rheo?

Answer 32

Stance Flexion “StncFlex” and Stance Extension “StncExt”

Question 33

What are the swing phase adjustments of Rheo?

Answer 33

Flexion Target “FlexTarg”, Swing Extension “Swing”

Question 34

When bench alignment of the Rheo Knee is established, which element is important for proper function of the device?

Answer 34

Position the socket so that the alignment reference line bisects the lateral wall of the socket and falls 0-5mm posterior to the pivot axis. Position the Flex-Foot so that the alignment reference line Matches the posterior- middle 1/3 mark on the foot.
Establish correct limb length.
Establish appropriate socket angles - 5 degrees of socket flexion of more.

Question 35

True or False: As the alignment reference line is positioned more posterior to knee center, the user will experience more stance flexon during loading response. Additional voluntary control will be required to maintain knee stability when RHEO KNEE™ power is OFF.

Answer 35

True