Week 5 Flashcards
When are symptoms more likely to be percepted? 4 cases
When they are:
1) Painful or disruptive
2) Novel (or rare)
3) Persistent
4) Pre-existing chronic disease
Explain the symptom perception model > symptom perception is shaped by four things
Somatic sensation is shaped by
1) Physical input
2) Attention you pay to it
3) Negative affectivity
4) External information
Explain three more influences on symptom perception
1) Gender/ sex
2) Coping style
3) Cognitions
In which three ways can expectations be influenced
1) Instructions: “this medicine works very well”
2) Conditioning: one day placebo, second day morphine, third day morphine, fourth day placebo but same effect as day 2 and 3
3) Observation: doctor is confident or other patients are satisfied
By which five things can symptom interpretation be influenced?
1) Culture
2) Individual differences
3) Self identity
4) Illness experience
5) Causal attributions (internal vs. external)
What are six examples of good consultation?
1) Good knowledge and being able to communicate this to patient
2) Good relationship with the patient
3)Knowing nature of the patient’s medical problem
4) understand patient’s understanding of their problem
5) Engaging the patient
6) Managing time
Explain shared decision making and the four points were health profs give autonomy to patients
Patients and health professionals have an equal share (and responsibility) in any treatment decision.
1) Choice: prof informs patient that a decision is to be made and that patients opinion is important
2) Options: prof explains options and the pros and cons of each option
3) Preferences: prof and patient discuss patient’s preferences and prof supports patient in deliberation
4) Decision: prof and patient discuss patient’s decisional role preference, make or defer the decision and discuss possible follow-up
What are three influences on consultation?
1) Type of health professional: nurses are more nurturing, easier to talk to and better listeners
2) Gender/sex of the health professional: speak more to female and patients are more likely to report being treated disrespectfully by doctors of opposite gender
3) Culture and language
Explain adherence and three factors why people don’t adhere
Commitment to treatment
1) Social factors (low education, unemployment, drug use, low social support)
2) Psychological factors (anxious, stress, depressed)
3) Treatment factors (misunderstanding regarding treatment, 4) complexity of the treatment regimen, side-effects, little benefit, poor communication → patient is against using medicine f.e.
Give examples of how to improve adherence
1) Achieving concordance: shared decision making and good communication
2) Maximizing understand (problem when health prof lead process and patient do not ask questions)
3) Maximizing memory (primacy and recency effect, let them know how important it is)
4) Convenient timing
Relevant information
5) Reminders to take medications
6) Self monitoring
7) Reinforcement of appropriate use of medication
8) Family therapy
What are reasons to not adhere to behavioral programs?
1) Confidence in the ability to exercise
2) Intentions to exercise
3) Perceived control over exercise
4) Belief in the benefits of previous physical activity
5) Perceived barriers to exercise
6) Action planning
What are ways to improve adherence in behavioral programs
1) Self-control strategies: change attributing to own motivation
2) Relapse prevention: planning to avoid or cope
3) Motivational strategies: stepwise progression in change, use social support, set achievable goal
4) Make change habitual: continuous and sustained change
