week 5 Flashcards
What is the difference between a juvenile offender and a young offender in Ireland?
Juvenile Offender: Under 18 years old/ Young Offender: 18-21 years old.
What are the two types of offenders in Moffitt’s developmental taxonomy?
Life-Course Persistent Offenders: Continue delinquency into adulthood due to biological and environmental factors/ Adolescence-Limited Offenders: Engage in crime during adolescence but desist in adulthood.
What characterizes life-course persistent offenders?
Engage in early antisocial behaviour/ Influenced by neuropsychological deficits and dysfunctional family environments/ Lack of significant life events (e.g., marriage) to reduce criminal activity.
Why do adolescence-limited offenders engage in criminal behaviour?
adolescence-limited offenders engage in crime due to a “maturity gap”, where they seek adult freedoms before they are socially or legally granted. Their behaviour typically stops as they transition to adult responsibilities.
what is the snare hypothesis?
The Snare Hypothesis suggests that some adolescence-limited offenders become ensnared by the consequences of early delinquency (e.g., drug addiction, school dropout), prolonging their criminal behaviour into adulthood.
What individual and family factors protect against juvenile delinquency?
Individual Factors: High IQ, positive self-esteem, and self-efficacy/ Family Factors: Parental warmth, supervision, and involvement in the child’s life.
What does the Cycle of Violence Hypothesis propose?
The Cycle of Violence Hypothesis suggests that victims of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) are more likely to become perpetrators of sexual abuse. However, most CSA victims do not go on to offend.
