Week 4 Flashcards
What are the core areas of focus in criminal psychology?
Criminal psychology focuses on the psychological factors related to the onset, maintenance, and desistence of criminal behavior. This includes studying developmental factors, biological factors, learning and situational factors, and criminal thinking patterns.
Explain the concept of the cumulative risk model and provide an example of how it might manifest in a child’s life.
The cumulative risk model suggests that the buildup of risk factors, without sufficient protective factors, increases the likelihood of negative outcomes. For example, a child experiencing poverty, inconsistent parenting, and peer rejection may be at higher risk for delinquency.
How does the developmental cascade model differ from the cumulative risk model?
While both models acknowledge the impact of multiple risk factors, the developmental cascade model emphasizes the interaction between these factors, suggesting that one deficit can create a “snowball effect” leading to further issues.
Discuss the influence of poverty as a risk factor for criminal behavior, citing at least two specific examples of how poverty might contribute to criminal activity.
Poverty is a significant risk factor, often correlated with violent offending. It can limit access to resources, quality education, and employment, fostering an environment where crime might seem like a viable option. Moreover, poverty can lead to increased family stress, potentially resulting in inconsistent parenting and increased risk of child abuse, both of which are risk factors for criminal behavior
Why is peer rejection considered a significant risk factor for later antisocial behavior?
Peer rejection can significantly impact a child’s social and emotional development. Children crave acceptance, and rejection can lead to feelings of isolation and low self-esteem, potentially pushing them towards antisocial behavior to gain recognition or a sense of belonging.
Explain the link between school failure and antisocial development, and discuss why “being held back” in early school years might have a negative impact.
School failure is a strong predictor of antisocial behavior, often exceeding IQ as an indicator. “Being held back” can lead to social stigma and ridicule from peers, further alienating the child and potentially pushing them toward negative peer groups.
Why is the quality of family interactions considered more important than family structure in relation to criminal behavior?
While earlier research focused on “broken homes,” it is now understood that the quality of family interactions is more crucial. A harmonious single-parent household can be more protective than a conflict-ridden two-parent home. Positive interactions, support, and consistent discipline matter more than the family structure itself.
Discuss the impact of parental supervision on a child’s risk of engaging in criminal behavior.
Strong parental supervision, characterized by interest in the child’s life, setting clear rules, and consistent monitoring, is linked to reduced criminal associations. When parents are actively involved, they can guide their children towards prosocial activities and intervene early if they see warning signs.
How can the influence of siblings contribute to the development of antisocial behavior in a child?
Siblings, especially those close in age, can influence each other’s behavior. An older sibling engaging in antisocial behavior can model this for a younger sibling, particularly if they have a close relationship. This can normalize delinquency and make it more appealing.
How can the influence of siblings contribute to the development of antisocial behavior in a child?
What is the most significant factor related to divorce that can increase the risk of criminal behavior in children?
The primary risk factor associated with divorce is not the separation itself, but the stress and disharmony that often accompany it. Family conflict can disrupt a child’s sense of stability and security, potentially leading them to seek belonging and validation in unhealthy peer groups or through antisocial behavior.
