Week 5

Question 1

hyperkinetic dysarthria etiology

Answer 1

-chorea
-dystonia
-essential voice tremor (more rhythmic, shaky vocal quality)
spasmodic dysphonia

Question 2

chorea

Answer 2

brief, abrupt and unpredictable movements

Question 3

dystonia

Answer 3

involuntary, sustained painful muscle contractions causing twisting and abnormal postures

Question 4

spasmodic dysphonia

Answer 4

-phonation is affected
-sudden spasm in abductor or adductor vocal cord movement
LCA: adductor
PCA: abuctor
-involuntary movement of limbs or group of muscles

Question 5

hyperkinetic dysarthria lesion site

Answer 5

basal ganglia (result of imbalance of dopamine and ach)

Question 6

motor signs of hyperkinetic dysarthria

Answer 6

excessive involuntary movement

Question 7

hyperkinetic dysarthria speech signs

Answer 7

association between movement disorder
ex: spasm leading to voice stoppage

Question 8

hypokinetic dysarthria etiology

Answer 8

Parkinsonism

Question 9

hypokinetic dysarthria lesion site

Answer 9

reduction of dopamine in striatum

Question 10

hyperkinetic dysarthria motor signs

Answer 10

hypokinesis
TRAP (tremor, rigidity, akinesia, and postural instability)

Question 11

hypokinetic dysarthria speech signs

Answer 11

reduced movement of speech muscles resulting from muscular rigidity
-monopitch (PD), monoloudness
-imprecise consonants
-atypical silence
-short rushes of speech
-harsh vocal quality
-continuous breathy voice
-fast speech (only dysarthria you will see)

Question 12

why do patients with hypokinetic dysarthria have fast speech

Answer 12

range of motion of their structures decreases resulting in using fast speech as a compensatory approach to catch up to their speech

Question 13

UMN Dysarthria etiology

Answer 13

focal lesion
stroke

Question 14

UMN Dysarthria lesion site

Answer 14

unilateral damage to UMNs
-left hemi: may co-occur with aphasia, AOS
-right hemi: may co-occur with RHD

Question 15

UMN Dysarthria motor signs

Answer 15

reduced ROM and control of muscles of the contralateral lower face and tongue

Question 16

UMN Dysarthria speech signs

Answer 16

imprecise consonants
slow and imprecise AMRs
slow speech rate

Question 17

these two groups of patients with dysarthria may complain of effortful speech

Answer 17

spastic and hyperkinetic

Question 18

3 parameters to evaluate an exercise

Answer 18

static or dynamic
task specific
overload

Question 19

static or dynamic

Answer 19

static, isometric (greater strength, involves one structure)

dynamic, isotonic (increases speech of contraction, involves more than one structure)

speech is dynamic so more effective

Question 20

isometric

Answer 20

length of muscles does not change but tension increases to improve strength

Question 21

isotonic

Answer 21

tension of muscle is fixed but length of muscle changes

Question 22

task specific

Answer 22

does the specific exercise correlate with the task you are wanting to work on
Ex: work on improving speech intelligibilty work on speech

Question 23

overload

Answer 23

muscle stimulated above threshold level (increasing strength and endurance)

Question 24

neuroplasticity

Answer 24

brain’s ability to remodel itself

Question 25

general principles of theoretically sound model

Answer 25

-use is important
-plasticity is experience specific
-intense training is needed
-timing matters
-salience of training (simple, repetitive meaningful movements may not induce change in neural functioning)

Question 26

Tx planning based on severe

Answer 26

speakers unable to communicate verbally
-establish functional means of communication

children:
-degree of cognitive deficit
-developing linguistic and motor control processes
-development of literacy

Question 27

Tx planning for moderate

Answer 27

-able to use speech as primary means of communication, but intelligibility interfering
Goal: compensated intelligibility
-likely to include behavioral management techniques

Question 28

Tx planning for mild

Answer 28

restriction to participation
Goal: maximizing communication efficiency and speech naturalness while maintaining intelligibility

Question 29

approaches to Tx- restoration

Answer 29

reducing impairment, improving physiologic support (posture, strength, control)

Question 30

approaches to Tx- compensation

Answer 30

reduce activity limitation

Question 31

prosthetic

Answer 31

using a device to offset certain aspects of impairment
ex: palatal lift

Question 32

behavioral

Answer 32

using strategies to minimize the overall functional limitation
ex: rate, adjusting pitch, stress

Question 33

social

Answer 33

involve frequent listeners in interaction training activities
ex: decrease background noise

Question 34

medical approach

Answer 34

surgery, pharmacological or both

Question 35

supplementation approach

Answer 35

when speech can meet some but not all communicative demands

Question 36

substitution approach

Answer 36

true with degenerative disease where speech may be lost in final phases

Question 37

maladaptive

Answer 37

useful at some point during treatment and now hurtful

Question 38

compensated intelligibility

Answer 38

use compensatory strategies to maximize intelligibility

Question 39

what happens when you have wastage at level of VF’s

Answer 39

VF weakness, paralysis
spasms won’t let VFs fully open and release air
poor respiratory support

Question 40

the behavioral approach should be considered in the final phase of degenerative diseases where speech may be lost

Answer 40

false