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Motor Speech > Week 1/quiz 1 > Flashcards

Week 1/quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Motor Speech Processes

A

speech motor planning, programming, control, and execution

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2
Q

cognitive linguistic processes

A

all the processes converting our verbal/emotional messages into a code

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3
Q

neuromuscular execution

A

speech articulators in charge of executing those commands

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4
Q

1st step of why MSD is important

A

the study of MSD helps us understand the organization of the sensorimotor system

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5
Q

2nd step of why MSD is important

A

changes in speech can be the initial or oNLY sign of neurologic disease

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6
Q

3rd step of why MSD is important

A

an increase in prevalence can be anticipated as people live longer

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7
Q

4th step of why MSD is important

A

proper identification of deficits in speech and neuropwthphysiology helps with management

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8
Q

dysarthria

A

disorders presenting with abnormal strength, speed, range, steadiness, tone, or accuracy of movement (execution phase)

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9
Q

apraxia

A

impaired capacity to plan or program the motor commands necessary for directing phonetically and prosodically normal speech

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10
Q

planning phase

A

formulation of the strategy of action by defining motor goals
-motor goals can be found in spatial and temporal movements of speech sounds

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11
Q

programming phase

A

muscle tone, movement velocity, force, and range are specified

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12
Q

control phase

A

modulatory muscle adjustment occurs before or during execution of speech tasks

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13
Q

dysarthrias

A

-neurologic in origin (must be)
-disorder of movement
-impairment of upper and lower motor neurons resulting in disordered strength, range, tone, etc.
-not a single disorder, but rather a group of disorders that can be categorized
-overused by other professionals

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14
Q

apraxia

A

neurologic in origin (can be pure apraxia or mixed with dysarthria)
-can be congenital or acquired

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15
Q

other neurologic disorders

A

acquired neurogenic stuttering, palilalia, echolalia, mutism, foreign accent syndrome
-cognitive-lingusitc disturbances: aphasia, akinetic mutism
-sensory deficits: congenital deafness

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16
Q

nonneurologic disturbances

A

musculoskeletal defects (laryngectomy, cleft lip and palate

-nonneurologic or nonpsychogenic voice disorders (dysphonia with head and neck neoplasms, vocal abuse, hormonal disturbances

-psychogenic: schizophrenia, depression, conversion disorder

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17
Q

normal variations in speech production

A

age, gender, variations in style

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18
Q

the neural and neuromuscular transmission and subsequent muscle contractions and movements of speech structures are referred to as neuromuscular execution

A

neuromuscular execution

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19
Q

changes in speech can be the initial or ONLY sign of

A

neurologic disease

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20
Q

all statements regarding dysarthria are correct EXCEPT
-neurologic in origin
-a disorder of movement
-a group of disorders that can be categorized based on perceptual characteristics
-impairment of planning and programming

A

-impairment of planning and programming

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21
Q

methods we will use for Dx and Tx of MSDs

A

perceptual methods and instrumental methods

22
Q

perceptual methods

A

the GOLD standard for clinical differential diagnosis
-auditory modality is the focus of investigations of perceptual characteristics of the dysarthrias (70-75%) and rest is from visual and tactile observations

23
Q

instrumental methods

A

-not widely used

24
Q

acoustic instrumental method

A

quantify and display frequency, intensity, and temporal components of the speech signal

25
Q

physiologic instrumental method

A

measure the sources of activity the generate and control speech
-common methods are movement of air and peripheral structures

26
Q

visual imaging methods

A

video fluoroscopy, nasoendoscopy, laryngoscopy, and videostroboscopy (used to see vocal folds and soft palate)

27
Q

reasons we use perceptual methods

A

-identification, referral, and evaluation of anyone suspected of having an MSD
-the usefulness of perceptually based differential diagnosis
-standard for judging the functional outcome of treatment is mostly based on perceptual judgements

28
Q

flaccid dysarthria (localization)

A

lower motor neuron

29
Q

flaccid dysarthria (neuromotor bases-general)

A

execution

30
Q

flaccid dysarthria (neuromotor bases-specific)

A

weakness

31
Q

spastic dysarthria (localization)

A

bilateral upper motor neuron

32
Q

spastic dysarthria (neuromotor bases-general)

A

execution

33
Q

spastic dysarthria (neuromotor bases-specific)

A

spasticity

34
Q

ataxic (neuromotor bases-general)

A

control

34
Q

ataxic dysarthria-localization

A

cerebellum

35
Q

ataxic (neuromotor bases-specific)

A

incoordination

36
Q

hypo kinetic dysarthria-localization

A

basal ganglia control circuit

37
Q

hypo kinetic- neuromotor bases-general

A

control

38
Q

hypo kinetic-neuromotor bases- specific

A

rigidity; reduced range of movement

39
Q

hyperkinetic- localization

A

basal ganglia control circuit

40
Q

hyperkinetic- neuromotor bases- general

A

control

41
Q

hyperkinetic- neuromotor bases- specific

A

involuntary movement

42
Q

unilateral upper motor neuron

A

same as for localization

43
Q

unilateral upper motor neuron- neuromotor bases-general

A

execution/control

44
Q

unilateral upper motor neuron- neuromotor bases-specific

A

upper motor neuron weakness, incoordination, or spasticity

45
Q

apraxia of speech-localization

A

left (dominant) hemisphere

46
Q

apraxia of speech- neuromotor bases-general

A

motor programming/planning

47
Q

apraxia of speech- neuromotor bases-specific

A

planning/programming errors

48
Q

most common dysarthria

A

mixed

49
Q

in a patient who is in the acute phase of stroke, the course of motor speech disorder is

A

improving

Motor Speech (6 decks)

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