Week 1/quiz 1 Flashcards
Motor Speech Processes
speech motor planning, programming, control, and execution
cognitive linguistic processes
all the processes converting our verbal/emotional messages into a code
neuromuscular execution
speech articulators in charge of executing those commands
1st step of why MSD is important
the study of MSD helps us understand the organization of the sensorimotor system
2nd step of why MSD is important
changes in speech can be the initial or oNLY sign of neurologic disease
3rd step of why MSD is important
an increase in prevalence can be anticipated as people live longer
4th step of why MSD is important
proper identification of deficits in speech and neuropwthphysiology helps with management
dysarthria
disorders presenting with abnormal strength, speed, range, steadiness, tone, or accuracy of movement (execution phase)
apraxia
impaired capacity to plan or program the motor commands necessary for directing phonetically and prosodically normal speech
planning phase
formulation of the strategy of action by defining motor goals
-motor goals can be found in spatial and temporal movements of speech sounds
programming phase
muscle tone, movement velocity, force, and range are specified
control phase
modulatory muscle adjustment occurs before or during execution of speech tasks
dysarthrias
-neurologic in origin (must be)
-disorder of movement
-impairment of upper and lower motor neurons resulting in disordered strength, range, tone, etc.
-not a single disorder, but rather a group of disorders that can be categorized
-overused by other professionals
apraxia
neurologic in origin (can be pure apraxia or mixed with dysarthria)
-can be congenital or acquired
other neurologic disorders
acquired neurogenic stuttering, palilalia, echolalia, mutism, foreign accent syndrome
-cognitive-lingusitc disturbances: aphasia, akinetic mutism
-sensory deficits: congenital deafness
nonneurologic disturbances
musculoskeletal defects (laryngectomy, cleft lip and palate
-nonneurologic or nonpsychogenic voice disorders (dysphonia with head and neck neoplasms, vocal abuse, hormonal disturbances
-psychogenic: schizophrenia, depression, conversion disorder
normal variations in speech production
age, gender, variations in style
the neural and neuromuscular transmission and subsequent muscle contractions and movements of speech structures are referred to as neuromuscular execution
neuromuscular execution
changes in speech can be the initial or ONLY sign of
neurologic disease
all statements regarding dysarthria are correct EXCEPT
-neurologic in origin
-a disorder of movement
-a group of disorders that can be categorized based on perceptual characteristics
-impairment of planning and programming
-impairment of planning and programming
methods we will use for Dx and Tx of MSDs
perceptual methods and instrumental methods
perceptual methods
the GOLD standard for clinical differential diagnosis
-auditory modality is the focus of investigations of perceptual characteristics of the dysarthrias (70-75%) and rest is from visual and tactile observations
instrumental methods
-not widely used
acoustic instrumental method
quantify and display frequency, intensity, and temporal components of the speech signal
