Week 5

Question 1

The state in which disease is caused due to the failure of the hosts protective mechanism and the proliferation of pathogenic microbes

Answer 1

Infection

Question 2

5 body defense systems that influence the oral cavity

Answer 2

Anatomic barriers
Normal oral flora
The senses
Immunological defenses
Saliva /salivary defense system

Question 3

What exist to help determine safer and quality before ingestion of any food occurs

Answer 3

Powerful monitoring sensory systems
(Allow host to reject food deemed undesirable)

Question 4

Anatomic barriers includes

Answer 4

Skin
-epithelium is a formidable barrier to microbial invasion

Question 5

Majority of the oral epithelium is

Answer 5

Keratinized

Question 6

Fibrous protein which cannot be penetrated

Answer 6

Keratin

Question 7

What is the base of the gingival sulcus which lacks keratin and therefore an oral site very susceptible to microbial invasion

Answer 7

Junctional epithelium

Question 8

What is the oral anatomic condition most naturally resistant to microbial invasion

Answer 8

Presence of 28 teeth in class I occlusion and healthy interdental papilla

Question 9

What gives microbial pathogens an advantage in colonization thereby contributing to disease

Answer 9

Restorations with overhangs
Lack of interdental papilla
Periodontal pockets
Crowded teetg

Question 10

Ideal dentition also includes anatomic barrier of

Answer 10

Tooth enamel

Question 11

Enamel continuously goes through what process

Answer 11

Demineralization / remineralization

Question 12

What does posteruptive maturation refer to

Answer 12

After eruption the missing ions are supplied from saliva

Question 13

Supragingival plaque begins with the

Answer 13

Acquired (salivary) pellicle

Question 14

Is acquired pellicle acellular or cellular

Answer 14

Acellular protein layer

Question 15

What is the “equation” of biofilm (dental plaque)

Answer 15

Pellicle + bacteria + gel created = biofilm

Question 16

The most variable factor in the pathogenicity of plaque colonies is the

Answer 16

Makeup of the microbial population

Question 17

In a healthy sulcus what type of bacteria is present

Answer 17

Gram positive cocci

Question 18

In periodontal pockets what type of bacteria is present

Answer 18

Gram negative anaerobes

Question 19

What type of bacteria are responsible for caries formation

Answer 19

Streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus

Question 20

What is the Stephan curve

Answer 20

The relationship between pH at the tooth surface and time following consumption of sugar

Question 21

When does an immediate drop in pH occur followed by a longer recovery period

Answer 21

When an individual consumes sugar and sugary snacks

Question 22

The drop and recovery curve is the

Answer 22

Stephan curve

Question 23

Both of these senses allow the host to reject food deemed to be undesirable

Answer 23

Vision and smell

Question 24

Tactile sense allows for propriocemption (nerve stimuli that determines the location of positions of the parts of the body) via nerves in the oral tissues to evaluate

Answer 24

Morsel size and shape of food, determines correct size and consistency for safe ingestion

Question 25

Tactile sense also determines foods that need to be ____ from foods needed to be _____

Answer 25

Chewed; incised

Question 26

Cellular immunity carried by ___ cells from the _____

Answer 26

T-Cells
Thymus

Question 27

Humoral immunity carried out by __ cells from the ______

Answer 27

B cells
Bone marrow

Question 28

What assists in the total body’s ability to maintain homeostasis

Answer 28

Saliva

Question 29

It is only when the bacteria challenge _____ the body’s defenses capabilities and or there is lack of self care that dental caries arises

Answer 29

Exceeds

Question 30

What type of secretions does the parotid gland produce

Answer 30

Serous secretions (watery)

Question 31

The parotid gland secrets the majority of what 2 things

Answer 31

Sodium bicarbonate (neutralizing acids)

Amylase (breakdown of carbs, starch and polysaccharides)

Question 32

What type of secretions does the submandibular gland produce

Answer 32

Mixed serous and mucous secretions

Question 33

Sublingual gland secretions

Answer 33

Mucous

Question 34

Pure saliva refers to

Answer 34

Sterile until discharged into the mouth

Question 35

Whole saliva refers to

Answer 35

Saliva once in the mouth where fluids from major and minor salivary glands mix

Question 36

Physical and chemical protective functions of saliva

Answer 36

Lubrication
Flow rate
Chemical
Antimicrobial

Question 37

Fluid transports what 3 things to help control the equilibrium between demineralization and remineralization

Answer 37

Buffering agents
Antimicrobial agents
Mineral content

Question 38

5 major groups of organic molecules secreted in the saliva

Answer 38

Amylase enzymes
Mucins
Phosphoproteins
Glycoproteins
Immunoglobins

Question 39

4 important antimicrobial proteins found in saliva are

Answer 39

Lysozyme
Lactoferrin
Salivary peroxidase
Secretory immunoglobulin A

Question 40

What are two families of proteins in the saliva

Answer 40

Histadine
Statherin

Question 41

Histadine and statherin do what

Answer 41

Help control the status of calcium and phosphate
Prevent rapid drop in pH
Help prevent mucosal infections, anti fungal and Bacteriostatic

Question 42

3 ways to stimulate salivary output

Answer 42

Physiologically (chewing gum)
Pharmacologically
Different disease states (excessive salivating)

Question 43

3 ways to inhibit salivary output

Answer 43

Physiologically ( fear can cause Xerostomia)
Pharmacologically (meds can cause dry mouth)
Different disease states (radiation)

Question 44

Demineralization is dependant on what 2 factors

Answer 44

pH of plaque
Saturation of tooth minerals