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Preventive Dentistry > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Attributes or exposures that significantly increase the risk for onset/progression of a specific disease is

A

A risk factor

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2
Q

Specific pathogenic bacteria are the primary causitive agent of periodontal diseases are necessary for

A

Disease initiation
**however they are not sufficient enough to cause perio destruction

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3
Q

Risk assessment depends on

A

Host
Environment
Systemic factors

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4
Q

Risk factors are categorized as

A

Modifiable or non modifiable

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5
Q

Modifiable risk factors are those that

A

Can be changed

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6
Q

Nonmodifiable risk factors are those that

A

Cannot be changed

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7
Q

What is one of the most significant risk factors for periodontal disease

A

Smoking

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8
Q

Smokers have gingiva that presents as

A

Thickened and fibrotic with rolled borders and minimal redness

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9
Q

Smoking masks inflammation by reducing gingival blood flow as a result of

A

Constrictions of blood vessels of the gingiva

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10
Q

What is the dose response effect/ relationship of smoking and loss of attachment

A

Increase amount of smoking = increase loss of attachment

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11
Q

Smoking cessation occurs when a person

A

Stops tobacco use with the goal of achieving permanent abstinence

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12
Q

In smoking cessation can previous damage be reversed

A

No

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13
Q

What is another strong risk factor for periodontal disease

A

Diabetes (type I and II)

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14
Q

The increased susceptibility to periodontal infection is linked to

A

Immune dysfunction

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15
Q

What is impaired in diabetics that inhibits the destructions of bacterial pathogens in the pockets resulting in periodontal breakdown

A

Neutrophil Chemotaxis and phagocytosis

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16
Q

For periodontal disease to occur there must be presence of

A

Specific anaerobic gram negative bacteria

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17
Q

Evidence indicates an association with alveolar bone loss and

A

Osteoporosis

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18
Q

Estrogen deficiency has also been linked to decreases in

A

Alveolar bone density

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19
Q

Stress is a _____ of the immune system

A

Depression

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20
Q

A predictor to periodontal breakdown is

A

BOP

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21
Q

BOO in addition to increased probing depths does

A

Increase risk

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22
Q

What have a beneficial effect on the periodontium

A

Tetracycline antibiotics and NSAIDS

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23
Q

What is associated with over 500 types of medications

A

Xerostomia

24
Q

What facilitates oral biofilm accumulation (especially at gingival third) and diminishes resolution of inflammation

A

Decreased salivary flow

25
Q

What drugs may induce gingival enlargement

A

Calcium channel blockers
Immunosuppressive drugs
Anti seizure drugs
HRT

26
Q

Enlargement can be minimized with

A

Good biofilm control

27
Q

The most significant risk factors are (4)

A

Smoking
Diabetes
Poor oral hygiene
Genetics

28
Q

Clients with risk factor are treated aggressively. How so?

A

Referred to periodontist
Rigorous self care routine
Antimicrobial mouth rinses
Oral irrigation
System antibiotics

29
Q

Healthy periodontium consists of 4 physical units which are

A

Gingiva
Periodontal ligament
Alveolar process
Cementum

30
Q

In health the free or attached gingiva should be how many mm above CEJ attached to enamel

A

0.5-2mm

31
Q

Interdental gingiva or interdental papilla is located

A

In the interdental space between 2 adjacent teeth

32
Q

The col connects

A

The lingual and facial aspects of the papilla (nonkeratinized)

33
Q

What is movable tissue loosely attached to underlying alveolar bone- darker red colour b/c richer blood supply

A

Alveolar mucosa

34
Q

Histopathology of periodontal disease is explained in how many stages

A

4

35
Q

Four stages: initial lesion

A

2-4 days of plaque accumulation (no clinical signs)

36
Q

Four stages: early lesion

A

Acute gingivitis 7-14 days of accumulation
-acute signs; redness, edema, bleeding on provocation)

37
Q

Four stages: established lesion

A

Chronic gingivitis 2 weeks or more
Chronic signs of mod-severe inflammation

38
Q

Four stages: advanced lesion

A

Varies, depends on host
Songs of attachment loss and perio pockets

39
Q

The first 3 stages result in ______ that last stage results in _____

A

Gingivitis; periodontitis

40
Q

What is a reversible bacterial infection confined to the gingiva

A

Gingivitis

41
Q

What is irreversible disease with inflammation extending from the gingiva into the connective tissue and alveolar bone

A

Periodontitis

42
Q

What are the four characteristic signs of gingival or periodontal inflammation

A

Changes in colour
Bleeding on probing (BOP)
Swelling or edema
Presence of exudate from the gingival sulcus

43
Q

2 types of periodontal pockets

A

Suprabony
Intra/infrabony

44
Q

Most commonly associated with horizontal bone loss
JE migrated below the CEJ but remains above the alveolar bone crest

A

Suprabony pockets

45
Q

JE migrates below the alveolar bone crest, associated with vertical bone loss

A

Intrabony/infrabony pocket

46
Q

Recession signifies

A

Loss of clinical attachment

47
Q

Describe class I furcation involvement

A

Beginning involvement
Cannot be seen radiographically
Cannot be entered but can be felt

48
Q

Describe class II furcation involvement

A

Can enter the furcation from one aspect but cannot penetrate through to the other side

49
Q

Describe class III furcation involvement

A

Through and through involvement
Furcation is still covered by soft tissue

50
Q

Describe class IV furcation

A

A through and through furcation involvement that is not covered by soft tossue

51
Q

Describe class I mobility

A

Tooth can be moved up to 1mm in any direction

52
Q

Describe class II mobility

A

Tooth can be moved more than 1 mm in any direction but is not depressive in socket

53
Q

Describe class III mobility

A

Tooth can be moved in a buccolingual direction and is depressible in socket

54
Q

Inadequate attached gingiva is defined as

A

Less than 1mm of keratinized attached gingiva preset on a tooth

55
Q

What are the clinical use of radiographs for perio assessment

A

-Identifying local causative factors involved in perio disease (calculus and bone loss)
-identify alveolar bone changes from past disease activity only

56
Q

What type of X-rays should be used to evaluate periodontal disease

A

Periapicals or vertical bitewings

57
Q

Determining changes in the alveolar bone associated with periodontal disease is based on

A

Appearance of the crestal Lamina dura

Preventive Dentistry (7 decks)

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