Week 5 Flashcards
oldest personality type system in the world
personality
the four temperaments model
sanguine, choleric, melancholic, and phlegmatic
people with this personality tend to be lively, optimistic, buoyant, and carefree. They love adventure and have a high-risk tolerance
sanguine personality type
they seek interpersonal harmony and close relationships, which makes them loyal spouses and
loving parents. They make it a point to preserve their relationships with old friends, distant family members, and neighbors.
phlegmatic personality type
people with this personality are very savvy, analytical, and logical. Extremely practical and straightforward, they aren’t necessarily good companions or particularly friendly.
choleric personality type
they love traditions. They love their families and friends and, unlike sanguine people, they do not look for novelty and adventure. Even more so, they avoid it as much as they can.
melancholic personality type
attempts by society to regulate people’s thoughts and behavior
social control
norm-breaking, ranging from minor infractions (bad manners) to major infractions (serious violence).
deviance
adopted in interpersonal relationships
informal
Refers to laws, rules and regulations enforced officially by social and political authorities
formal
an informal way of social control. It is often applied by someone’s peers, social group, or society to discourage their behaviors or attitudes that are seen as socially unacceptable.
shaming
informal social control strategy which often takes place in interpersonal contexts. It is a way to
encourage the continuity of a behavior or stance, such as academic success or political activism.
praising
a way of social control applied to ensure that they keep improving their job performance and undertake increased work responsibilities.
job promotion
methods of social control that ban people from leaving their house after a particular hour. They can
be informal curfews, imposed by one’s parents or family, or formal curfews imposed by legal authorities. Curfews apply social control over one’s mobility for various reasons including safety,
security, or asserting power
curfews
asserting negative labels to identities and behaviors. This informal way of social control leads to exclusion and possible marginalization of those whose behaviors or identities are deemed socially undesirable.
stigmatization
refers to restrictions over news, discourses, and narratives in various contexts.
censorship
Legal punishments, including imprisonment, are formal aspects of social control that serve the goal of discouraging socially undesirable and illegal behavior
prison confinement
currently legal in 92 countries while only used in 56 of them. Some theories argue that it is used to control marginalized communities, for instance, Blacks in the United States, who are overrepresented in the statistics (Tucker, 1969).
capital punishment
consist of two or more people who identify with and interact with one another.
social group
A small social group whose members share personal and lasting relationships.
primary group
A large and impersonal social group whose members pursue a specific goal or activity.
secondary group
The social group that serves as a point of reference in making evaluations and decisions.
reference group
Social group toward which a member feels respect and loyalty.
in-group
Social group which a person feels a sense of competition or opposition.
out-group
Group containing people who come into occasional contact but who lack sense of boundaries and belonging.
network
social institution found in all societies that unites people in cooperative groups to care for one another.
family
composed of one or two parents and their children
nuclear family
composed of parents and children as well as other kin
extended family
Whose composition and form of emotional care differ from those nuclear and extended family.
reconstituted family
As one family with core members living in at least two nation states
translational family
Social bond based on common ancestry, marriage, or adoption.
kinship
Refers to parent-child relations established through the baptism ceremony.
Ritual Kinship
