Week 5

Question 1

where being a fan exists of:

Answer 1

1. being part of a group
   - the formation of alliances whereby fans “perceive themselves as membersof a tacitly existing group to which the objects of their fanship belong”
2. shared enjoyment of content
   - Hedonic experience with drama and unknown outcomes
   - The type and extent of cognitions and emotions that one is likely to experience as a result of watching an athletic competition is dependent upon the individual’s dispositiontoward the team or its participants

Question 2

social identity theory

Answer 2

belonging to different groups by similarities and differences (in and out groups)

Question 3

results study Groene et al.

Answer 3

1. When getting affirming feedback, Harry Potter fans perform better on essay and do better effort
2. Average Harry Potter fan is more intensely fan than
   average Twilight fan & threat of fan identity does not lower quality of the essay but affirmation improves it substantially

Question 4

types of identity and music

Answer 4

1. own identity
2. shared identity
3. national identity
4. cultural identity

Question 5

2 functions of music

Answer 5

1. social function
   - bonding
   - social cohesion
2. individual function
   - identity
   - music skills

Question 6

regulatory functions of music

Answer 6

1. Media effects model
   • based on the belief that media have a direct impact on how people think, feel, and behave.
   • exposure to music automatically primes individuals to think and feel in ways
   that are congruent with the message of the music.
2. Uses and gratifications
   • basic assumption: active agents, individual differences in media preferences, people consume media to fulfill basic needs.
3. Immpresion management
4. Self-regulation

Question 7

Current and future directions

Answer 7

• Mood and emotion: emotion regulation.
• People do perceive emotions in music, similar emotions in the same pieces of music.
• Personality and individual differences
• Five music-preference dimensions: Mellow, Unpretentious, Sophisticated, Intense, and Contemporary (MUSIC).
• Self and identity
• music serves as symbolic representation of self, reflect on who they are, where they came from, and who they aspire to become.
• Social perception and self-expression
• Impression management
• Information about individuals’ music preferences influences how they are perceived.
• Stereotypes about characteristics of music fans, e.g. classical, rap, heavy metal music fans
• Attraction and social bonding• music acts as an indicator of one’s values and traits, mediate the link between shared preferences and attraction. Cf. dating sites

Question 8

mood regulation in two ways

Answer 8

1. change a mood by listening to a special type of music

2. while listening to music, your mood will change

Question 9

Aspects of mood regulation that are common at any age

Answer 9

1. happy mood
2. relaxation
3. strong feelings
4. diversion/distraction
5. emotional discharge
6. mental work
7. solace

Question 10

event-related fluctuations whit mood regulation and aging

Answer 10

older respondents reported that age and experience led them to better know how to use music to support themselves at challenging times, or to celebrate good times

Question 11

retirement-related fluctuations whit mood regulation and aging

Answer 11

for some participants, their use of music was somewhat constant throughout their youth and adulthood, but meanings changed when they retired.