Week 4_1 T Gender Flashcards

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1
Q

Sex Def.

A
  • Physiological attributes
  • Ordinal, not dichotomous
    (intersex)
  • Can be a biological
    determinant of health
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2
Q

Gender Def.

A
  • Set of socially constructed
    relationships
  • Defined by personal identity
    and role performance
    (something we do)
  • Health shaped by social
    experiences in stratified
    society; gender roles enacted
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3
Q

How does Sex matter in regard to health?

A

At the cellular, hormonal, immune level, there are many differences across
sexes

  • Sex differences in immune response
    -Male bodies = lower immune response and higher vulnerability
    to infections.
    -Female bodies = higher susceptibility to autoimmune diseases
  • Believed to be due to evolutionary mechanisms of female birthing
    Note: Male bodies are the norm for scientific studies
  • 1993 is when required NIH to include more women and minorities in
    research studies (Women 11% in HIV studies (49% of worldwide
    cases)
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4
Q

Gender differences in health:
Major Trends

A
  1. Women live longer than men
  2. Gender differences in major causes of death
  3. Women diagnosed as suffering from more ill health
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5
Q

Health Survival Paradox

A

Despite having poorer health during life, women live
longer than men

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6
Q

Courtenay (2000)
Relational theory of men’s health

A
  • Health-related beliefs and behaviours are a means for
    demonstrating femininities and masculinities

-Used interactionally in the social structuring of
gender and power (both within and across groups)
- Risky behavior are signifiers of masculinity and
instruments for power and status
-Resources available for constructing
masculinities - and the signifiers of true manliness
- are overwhelmingly unhealthy

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7
Q

Courtenay (2000)
Health-related Behavior

and Beliefs

A
  • Risky Behaviors
    -Binge drinking
  • Lack of seatbelt use
  • Smoking

Beliefs
* Men are independent, self-reliant, strong, robust,
and tough
* Denial of weakness, emotional control, any need for help
* Aggressive need for sex, behavior, dominance

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8
Q

Sociocultural Explanations for Gender
Differences in Health

Risk-taking Hypothesis

A
  • Socialization of men and
    women shapes health
    through risk behaviours
  • Role of hegemonic
    masculinity
  • Neglecting health (e.g., not
    sleeping)
  • Underreporting health issues
  • Risky activities (e.g., drinking
    and driving)
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9
Q

Courtenay (2000)
Gender and Health related Behavior

A

Performance of masculinity in various ways,
construct masculinity by embracing risk

*refuse to take sick leave from work
*insist that they need little sleep
*boast that drinking does not impair their driving

define the degree of masculinity by driving dangerously or performing risky sports and displaying these behaviours like badges of honor

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