Week 4 Vocab and PPT for Week 6 Quiz Flashcards
Define Embolus
Any object that travels from one part of the body to another through the circulatory system
What is the Admission rate for PE?
300K - 600K / Yr
What is the Death rate for PE?
50K / Yr
Thrombosis
Formation of a blood clot (coagulation)
Thrombus
A coagulation or blood clot
Define Pulmonary Embolus
A condition where one or more arteries in the lungs become blocked by a blood clot
Who was Rudolf Virchow?
German physician & philosopher, Coined the terms “Embolization and Thrombus”, Came up with idea that clots originate in the legs and travel to the lungs
What are the components of Virchow’s Triad?
Injury, Hypercoagulability, Stasis
What are 5 examples of Injury leading to DVT?
Trauma, Total Hips, Pelvic Abscess, Pelvic Fracture, Central Catheters
What are 5 examples of conditions leading to Hypercoagulability?
Cancer, Post-Op, Post-Trauma, Oral Contraception, Pregnancy
What are 5 examples of Stasis?
Bedrest / Elderly, Post-Op, Post-MI, CVA, Paraplegia
What are the signs and symptoms of LE DVT?
Swelling, Pain, Discoloration
Define Gross Anatomy
Examination of structures of the human that can be seen WITHOUT a microscope
Define Thrill
Superficial vibratory sensation that can be felt on the skin over an area of turbulence
Define Bruit
An abnormal sound generated by Turbulent flow
Define Palpation
the process of using one’s hands to examine the body in order to perceive or diagnose disease or illness
Define Acute
Abrupt onset
Define Chronic
persistent, long-lasting illness or condition (>3 months)
Define Duplex
the combination of doppler and B-Mode
What is a Paradoxical Embolus?
An embolus that travels straight to the arterial system from the venous system through a right to left septal defecit
What is a common complication of paradoxical embolus?
Stroke
What is the path of a paradoxical embolus starting from the LE?
LE, R. Atrium, L. Atrium (through Patent Foramen Ovale), L. Ventricle, Arterial system, Brain (causing Stroke)
What does CVI stand for?
Chronic Venous Insufficiency
What causes CVI?
Venous valves that become incompetent, making blood return from the LE’s difficult
What are the symptoms of CVI?
Leg swelling, Ankle Pigmentation, Ulceration
Ankle pigmentation in CVI is due to what?
Hemosiderin staining
Venous Stasis Ulcers occur in what percentage of CVI its?
10-15%
What are the symptoms of PE?
Dyspnea, Chest Pain, Hemoptysis, Tachycardia, Fever, Rales, Tachypnea
Define Dyspnea
Difficulty breathing
Define Hemoptysis
Coughing up blood
Define Tachycardia
Fast Heart Rate
Define Rales
Abnormal rattling sound heard when examining unhealthy lungs
Define Tachypnea
Rapid Breathing
What is the percentage of untreated DVT that becomes PE?
20-25%
What was swelling of the Left LE commonly called?
Milk Leg
Define Insufficiency
Not enough
What is meant by “Total Hips”?
Hip replacement
What risk factor of DVT commonly occurs in the UPPER extremity?
Central Catheters
How much does pregnancy increase the risk of DVT?
6X
How much does Oral contraception increase the risk of DVT?
3X, but it’s still very low, so don’t freak out
What releases clotting factors in your body to keep you from bleeding?
the liver
What are 2 treatment options for Stasis patients?
Anticoagulants (Sub Q Heparin), Compression Boots
What term means purple / blue color?
Cyanotic
What is Homan’s sign?
With the leg extended, the foot is dorsiflexed, this causes pain in some pt’s with DVT
The ______ leg is _____ more likely to have a DVT due to the _________ vein getting pinched.
left, 2x, Iliac
What is a Venogram?
An X-ray of the veins using a contrast dye
What substance is used in a bubble study?
Agitated Saline
What is used to ultimately diagnose PE?
CT scan
What are 2 differential diagnoses for PE?
Heart attack, Pneumonia
Who was Gorham and what did he do?
Pathologist who studied 100 pt’s with fatal PE and found that 85 had an occlusion of one pulmonary artery and also an embolism on the other side, 15 were single-sided
German physician & philosopher, Coined the terms “Embolization and Thrombus”, Came up with idea that clots originate in the legs and travel to the lungs
Rudolf Virchow
Swelling, Pain, and Discoloration are symptoms of what?
LE DVT
A Superficial vibratory sensation that can be felt on the skin over an area of turbulence in known as what?
Thrill
An abnormal sound generated by Turbulent flow
Bruit
the combination of doppler and B-Mode
Duplex
Leg swelling, Ankle Pigmentation, and Ulceration are symptoms of what?
CVI (Chronic Venous Insufficiency)
Dyspnea, Chest Pain, Hemoptysis, Tachycardia, Fever, Rales, and Tachypnea are symptoms of what?
PE
Difficulty breathing
Dyspnea
Coughing up blood
Hemoptysis
Fast Heart Rate
Tachycardia
Abnormal rattling sound heard when examining unhealthy lungs
Rales
Rapid Breathing
Tachypnea
What term means Not enough
Insufficiency
Central Catheters are a risk factor for what and where do they commonly occur?
DVT in the Upper extremity
Anticoagulants (Sub Q Heparin) and Compression Boots are treatment options for what kind of patients?
Stasis patients
With the leg extended, the foot is dorsiflexed, this causes pain in some pt’s with DVT. What is this known as?
Homan’s sign
An X-ray of the veins using a contrast dye
Venogram
Pathologist who studied 100 pt’s with fatal PE and found that 85 had an occlusion of one pulmonary artery and also an embolism on the other side, 15 were single-sided
Gorham
