Week 2 Vocab Flashcards
Where do blockages occur most frequently?
Branch points
BPG
by pass graft
Three materials used to make BPG
saphenous vein, cortex PTFE, Dacron
What does Renin produce?
Angiotensin
When is Renin produced?
when low BP in Kidney
Angiotensin
Vasoconstrictor
FMD
Fibromuscular Dysplasia
PTA
Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty
Atherosclerosis
Build up of plaque in the arteries, obstructing blood flow
Stenosis
narrowing of a blood vessel (or tubular organ)
Occlusion
blockage or closing of a blood vessel
Vertebral Basilar Symptoms
Dizziness, Double Vision, Drop Attack, Syncope
Basilar Artery
Supplies blood to the brain, poor prognosis with thrombosis
Characteristics of Vertebral Artery atherosclerosis
Disease at Origin, One is Enough
Characteristics of Carotid Artery artherosclerosis
Disease in first cm of ICA, Cause of Stroke or TIA
Amaurosis Fugax
Fleeting Blindness
Sign
Abnormal condition detected by a HCP
Symptom
Abnormal condition related by the pt
Ischemia
inadequate blood supply
Embolization
The occlusion of a blood vessel
Stroke
Brain cell death due to lack of O2
CVA
Cerebrovascular Event (stroke)
TIA
Transient Ischemic Attack (brief stroke attack)
Ischemic Stroke
blockage of blood supply to brain
Hemorrhagic Stroke
rupture of blood vessel in the brain
% of CVA from Embolus
70%
Plaque
Cholesterol can combine with fat, calcium, and other substances in the blood to form plaque
Ulcer of Plaque
Small divet created in a plaque build up
Platelets
blood cells that help form clots
Two ways a Carotid can embolize
- Necrotic plaque debris breaking off
- platelet deposition embolizing
Angiogram
X-ray test to take pictures of blood flow
Endarterectomy
Removal of stenotic material on the inside of the carotid artery
Angina Pectoris
Chest pain resulting from poor blood supply
Intestinal Angina
Abdominal pain resulting from poor blood supply
A-FIB
Atrial fibrillation, quivering heart beat, can cause blood clots
Signs of Acute Visceral Blockage
Intense Pain, Bowel Death
Signs of Chronic Visceral blockage
Intestinal Angina, Weight loss
Dialysis
Artificial replacement for the loss of kidney function, cleans waste from blood
HTN
Hypertension, High BP
Aldosterone
Hormone produced by the adrenal gland that helps in regulating BP
Renovascular HTN
HTN due to hormonal response of the kidneys from inadequate blood supply
Two causes of renovascular HTN
Atherosclerosis, FMD
FMD
Fibromuscular Displasia - progressive twisting of blood vessels
Angioplasty
opening of blocked artery to the heart using a catheter
intermittent claudication
LE pain due to exercise
Impotence
inability in a man to achieve an erection or orgasm
Leriche Syndrome - Signs & Symptoms
Claudication, Impotence, Decreased femoral pulses
Leriche Syndrome - Cause of
Aortoiliac atherosclerosis
Rest pain
Enduring LE pain, without exercise
Necrotic
cell death
Hydrostatic pressure
BP influenced by gravity
dry gangrene vs wet gangrene
Dry - local tissue death resulting in the tissue being sloughed off
Wet - Infection of tissue due to untreated lack of blood supply, produces an oozing pus fluid, therefore “wet”
ulcer / ulceration
discontinuity or break in a body membrane
ABI’s
Ankle Brachial Index
Anticoagulant
Meds given to help prevent blood clots, “blood thinners”
Heparin
Blood thinner
Warfarin-Coumadin
Blood thinner
Stent
tube inserted to keep a vessel open
US Prevalence of Renovascular HTN
5% of HTN diagnosis
US Prevalence of HTN
15% of adults
US Prevalence of HTN if Diastolic BP above 115
25%
US Prevalence in <5 years old
78%
3 Drug Rule for Renovascular HTN
3 drugs used to help manage RVHT until surgery can be performed
Paradoxical Embolization
An embolus that has been carried from the venous side to the arterial side
Chronic Venous insufficiency
inadequate blood flow to the veins, causing blood to pool in the legs
hemosiderin
Iron storage complex within cells
VENOUS ULCERS
Ulcers caused by poor circulation in the legs
