Week 4 Soft Tissue Neck - Grp 2 answers Flashcards
Name the superior and inferior landmarks that designate the regions of the oropharynx,
Oropharynx
Superior: hard palate, soft palate and uvula
Inferior: epiglottis except when the epiglottis is closed then the hyoid bone is inferior.
Name the superior and inferior landmarks that designate the regions of the nasopharynx
Nasopharynx
Superior- Calvarium bone
Inferior- hard and soft palate
Name the superior and inferior landmarks that designate the regions of the laryngeal pharynx.
laryngeal pharynx
Superior: epiglottis except when the epiglottis is closed then the hyoid bone is superior.
Inferior: top of where the esophagus begins
Thyroid cartilage: describe structure and function
Thyroid cartilage: Single cartilaginous structure that has two wings on the anterior aspect with superior and inferior horns. Superior horns has an attachment point for the Hyoid bone, while the Inferior horns that have an attachment with the Cricoid cartilage. Has an Ismis or vocal prominence, male prominence (less than 90 degree angle) is very sharp and also known as an ”adam’s apple”, while the female prominence (greater than 90 degree angle) is less sharp more broad.
Cricoid cartilage: describe structure and function
Cricoid cartilage: Inferior to thyroid cartilage, attached above the first C-ring cartilage of the trachea. It is a single cartilaginous structure that is a complete ring with anterior and posterior closure under the wings of the thyroid cartilage. Posterior closure is thicker/wider.
Epiglottis: describe structure and function of
Epiglottis: Leaf-shaped structure located behind the tongue, above the thyroid cartilage, and behind hyoid bone. Seen anteriorly and posteriorly, tethered to the thyroid cartilage with a ligament. Its Goes over top of larynx stops fluids and food products from entering trachea into the respiratory tract.
Arytenoid cartilages: describe structure and function of
Arytenoid cartilages: Triangular pair of cartilages seen posteriorly that is set inferior to the Cricoid cartilage. Have a prominence that is the posterior attachment for the vocal cords.
Location: Discuss the differences of the true and false vocal cords
Location:
True Vocal Cords (Vocal Folds): Situated within the larynx, they are located superiorly to the false vocal cords. They are positioned closer to the midline and are more medial.
False Vocal Cords (Vestibular Folds): Positioned superiorly to the true vocal cords within the larynx, these folds are lateral to the true vocal cords and do not directly participate in sound production.
Function: Discuss the differences of the true and false vocal cords
Function:
True Vocal Cords (Vocal Folds): Primary role is sound production. When air passes between them, they vibrate, producing sound. They are crucial for phonation.
False Vocal Cords (Vestibular Folds): Their main function is to protect the true vocal cords and the airway. They aid in closure of the glottis during swallowing and act as a barrier against foreign particles entering the airway.
Composition: Discuss the differences of the true and false vocal cords
Composition:
True Vocal Cords (Vocal Folds): Composed of three layers: epithelium, lamina propria (which contains elastic fibers), and thyroarytenoid muscle.
False Vocal Cords (Vestibular Folds): Consist of mucous membrane covered by respiratory epithelium and underlying ligamentous tissue. They lack the muscle mass present in the true vocal cords.
Movement: Discuss the differences of the true and false vocal cords
Movement:
True Vocal Cords (Vocal Folds): They actively move during phonation. They open during breathing and close during swallowing and phonation.
False Vocal Cords (Vestibular Folds): They are relatively immobile during normal respiration but may come together tightly during activities such as coughing or straining.
Clinical significance: Discuss the differences of the true and false vocal cords
Clinical significance:
True Vocal Cords (Vocal Folds): Conditions affecting the true vocal cords can directly impact voice production, leading to voice changes or disorders.
False Vocal Cords (Vestibular Folds): While not directly involved in sound production, they can be affected in certain pathologies such as laryngitis or laryngeal cancer, often contributing to symptoms like hoarseness or difficulty swallowing.
The Parotid gland: Describe the location
The Parotid gland is on the lateral mandible by temporomandibular joint.
The Sublingual gland: Describe the location
The Sublingual gland is spread out beneath the tongue.
The Submandibular gland: Describe the location
The Submandibular gland is inside the posterior aspect of the mandible.
Describe the location of the thyroid gland.
Location: The thyroid gland is located at the level of the cricoid cartilage, at the anterior portion of the neck. and it consists of two lobes that are joined together at the isthmus, which is a narrow structure that resembles a bridge, and connects the lobes.
Describe the Sternocleidomastoid Muscle.
The Sternocleidomastoid muscle divides the neck into two areas: the anterior and posterior triangles. Anything anteromedial to the SCM muscle is part of the anterior triangle, while anything posterior to the SCM is considered part of the posterior triangle.
Describe the function of the thyroid gland.
Function: The function of the thyroid gland is to secrete hormones that regulate key functions of our body such as our metabolism, growth, and development. The main hormones that are secreted from the thyroid gland are thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and and calcitonin. T3 and T4 are essential for normal growth and metabolism. Calcitonin lowers the blood calcium level and aids bone formation and bone health.
Describe the location of the Sternocleidomastoid Muscle.
Location : The SCM is a broad strap like muscle that originates on the sternum and clavicle, and inserts on the mastoid tip of the temporal bone.
Describe the function of the Sternocleidomastoid Muscle.
Function: to turn the head from side to side and flex the neck.
