Week 4 (Patient Assessment)

Question 1

Motor skills are

Answer 1

• Complex neuromuscular coordination
• Modified by task end environment
• Balance integral to all movement

Question 2

Stages of learning

Answer 2

1. Early cognitive stage
2. Intermediate or associative stage
3. Final autonomous stage

Question 3

What are the tools of training

Answer 3

• Goals/instructions
• Feedback
• Manual guidance
• Structuring the environment
• Practise types

Question 4

Instructions: timing prior to and during movement

Answer 4

• Verbal instructions: prior to movement
• Verbal cues: during movement
• Use short concise phrases: work well as self-prompts, limit in number, only critical elements

Question 5

Instructions: amount

Answer 5

Those with no instructions performed better than those given instructions

Question 6

Instructions: focus

Answer 6

• Internal focus: related to person’s body and what their body is doing in space
• External focus: effect of movement relative to environment
  External focus better than internal focus

Question 7

Demonstration and modelling

Answer 7

• Many demonstrations
• Can take what they learn and modify their performance
• As an observer, beginner encouraged to engage in more active problem solving

Question 8

Strategies to increase practise

Answer 8

• Mental practise: mental practise better than no practise
• Protocols: standardised intervention based on evidence
• Workstations: similar to protocols and useful for common problems
• Classes including circuit classes: group patients with similar level of disability together. Use aids, volunteers and family to lower the therapist:patient ratio
• Forced use: CIMT, treadmill walking, robotics