Exercise Descriptors

Question 1

Important components and adaptive strategies of sitting

Answer 1

Important

• Narrow BS: knees and feet close together
• Head balanced on level shoulders
• Shoulders over hips
• Weight equal on both sides
• During reach: move HAT towards segment by moving at hip, load foot ipsilateral to direction of reach

Adaptive

• Wide BOS: hips ext rotated, feet knees far apart
• Uses arm for balance
• Weight borne through intact side
• Shuffles prematurely
• During reach: loading through intact side, flexes forward when bw should be sideways
• Avoids threats to balance

Question 2

Important components and adaptive strategies of standing up

Answer 2

Important

• Pre-extension: wide bos, weight borne through intact side
• Extension: falls backward, pushes through arms, weight borne through intact side, final alignment flexed

Adaptive

• Knee flexion to place feet back in ankle dorsiflexion
• Inclination of trunk forward by flexion at hips with extended trunk
• Movement of knees forward
• Extension of hips and knees for final standing alignment

Question 3

Important components and adaptive strategies of standing

Answer 3

Important

• Shoulders over hips
• Narrow BOS and pointing forward
• Head balanced on level shoulders
• Erect trunk
• Hips in front of ankles
• Reaching: shift HAT towards object by moving at ankle, load foot which is ipsilateral to direction of reach

Adaptive

• Wide BOS
• Shifts weight onto intact foot
• Flexes at hip and protracts shoulder when should be dorsiflexing at ankles
• Moves trunk instead of moving at hips and ankles when reaching sideways
• Uses arm for balance prematurely
• Avoids threats to balance

Question 4

Important components and adaptive strategies of walking

Answer 4

Important
Stance
- Extension of hip throughout
- Dorsiflexion of ankle until end stance then fast plantar flexion
- Flexion of knee on heel strike then extension through mid stance and flexion prior to toe-off
- Lateral horizontal pelvic shift of pelvis
Swing
- Walks slowly
- Short step length
- Trunk inclined forward during stance
- Wide BOS
- Elevation of pelvis and abduction of leg
- Toes not clearing ground
- Trunk inclined backwards at end of swing

Question 5

Important components and adaptive strategies of reaching and manipulation

Answer 5

Important

• Shoulder flexion, abduction, external rotation
• Elbow flexion/extension
• Supination/pronation