Week 4 - Invloeden van Geslacht & Cultuur Flashcards

1
Q

Wie is de betere onderhandelaar?

A
  1. Vrouwen zijn minder geneigd onderhandelingen te starten
  2. Mannen onderhandelen betere uitkomsten
  3. Vrouwen zijn meer meewerkend
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2
Q

Role congruity theory

A

De gedragingen dat de uitkomsten van onderhandelingen vergroten hangen meer met de rol van mannen dan met die van vrouwen samen

Effective negotiator
* Sterk
* Dominant
* Assertief
* Rationeel

Ineffective negotiator
* Zwak
* Ondergeschikt
* Meegaand
* Emotioneel

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3
Q

Context matters

A

Uitkomsten die verschillen als gevolg van geslacht zijn afhankelijk van de contex
* Onderhandelen voor jezelf tegenover onderhandelen voor iemand anders;
* Ervaring in onderhandelen
* Structurele dubbelzinnigheid
* Onderwerp waarover onderhandeld wordt

In bepaalde situaties hebben vrouwen voordelen

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4
Q

Stereotype threat

A

48% expects males to do best in negotiation

32% expects females to do best

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5
Q

Stereotype Activation

A

stereotypes become over-learned due to their societal prevalence, and are automatically activated upon encounters with individual members of stereotyped groups.

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6
Q

Outcome mixed-gender pairs in the ultimatum game

A
  • Men and women offered equal amounts to the other participant
  • Male recipients were offered more compared to female recipients
  • Recipients choose a higher minimum acceptable offer when facing women
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7
Q

Environmental context (internationale onderhandelingen)

A

Politieke en juridische(sub)systemen;
* Internationale economieën;
* Buitenlandse regeringen en bureaucratieën;
* Instabiliteit(en);
* Ideologieën;
* Culturen.

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8
Q

Immediate context (Internationale onderhandelingen)

A

Relative bargaining power;
* Levels of conflict;
* Relatie tussen onderhandelaars;
* Gewenste uitkomsten (tangible en intangible);
* Direct belanghebbenden.

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9
Q

Cultuur

A
  • Cultuur kan worden opgevat als aangeleerd gedrag;
  • Gemeenschappelijke waarden;
  • Cultuur als dialectiek;
  • Cultuur in context;
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10
Q

Geert Hofstede’s four dimensions

A
  1. Individualism - collectivism
  2. Power distance
  3. Masculinity - femininity
  4. Uncertainty avoidance

Culture influences every aspect of negotiation but avoid falling for the cultural attribution error

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11
Q

How to be culturally responsive

A

Advice: go for moderate adaptation
* Learn some key features of the other party’s culture
* Maintain a firm grasp on your own approach
* Make modifications to help relations with the other party

The succes of negotiation between cross-cultural parties depends on respect of each other rather than style

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11
Q

Dignity, honor, face

A

Negotiation in three types of cultures:

  1. USA: Dignity culture
  2. Qatar: Honor culture
  3. China: face cultures

Qatari and Chinese negotiations were more competitive and led to lower joint outcomes than American achievements

People from honor cultures handle conflicts more constructively but watch out with insults

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