week 4- influences on public policy Flashcards
Leichtner’s frameworks (1979)
- situational factors
- structural factors
- cultural factors
- environmental factors
Leichtner’s frameworks (1979):situational factors
- sudden or violet events enable government they wouldn’t have done
- transient or one-time
- allows for polices previously not possible
- one time event that influence the policy of that country
examples of Leichtner’s frameworks (1979):situational factors
9/11,
Hurricane
Katrina,
World War II,
COVID
LEICHTNER’S FRAMEWORK:
STRUCTURAL FACTORS
More permanent than situational factor
example of LEICHTNER’S FRAMEWORK:
STRUCTURAL FACTORS
Political leadership
Demographics
Social characteristics
- more permanent
LEICHTNER’S FRAMEWORK: CULTURAL FACTORS
Customs, arts, social institutions, symbols, language, norms, valuesand achievements of a particular nation, people, or other social gathering
LEICHTNER’S FRAMEWORK: CULTURAL FACTORS, examples
Attitude towards government and the role of the state
Religious teachings
- beliefs of people if they trust the government or if they don’t
LEICHTNER’S FRAMEWORK: ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
External or international factor
LEICHTNER’S FRAMEWORK: ENVIRONMENTAL
FACTORS; examples
NAFTA regulations
Loss of manufacturing job
eastons framework inputs
-values
- demand
-support
- resources
government institutions eastons framework
welfare state variation
eastons framework outputs
- good and services provided by government
- includes health care
- micro-meso-macro level policies
evaluation of the leichter and easton models
- useful toosls for identifying and asessing inputs and policy outcomes
- both models don’t consider the political activities of other common society organization
- both fail to capture the conflict that happens in public policy discounts
eastons model main focus
barely mentions other influences on the political systems
- social insitiutions
key influences on the public policy
- civil society
- advocacy groups
- health coalitions and professional associations
- media: sustainability of the public health care system
- political idology
- corporate sector: generating profile threat to public health care system and public policies that support heal
civil society example
united auto workers
- the black lives matter social movement
- anglican church of canada
advocacy groups example
David Suzuki foundation
- canadian snowbird association
health coalitions and professional associations
Ontario AIDS network
Canadian nurses association
Canadian medical association
media example
- canadian broadcasting corporation
- globe and mail
- social media
political ideology example
- neoliberalism
- sociallism
- fascism
corporate sector example
royal bank of Canada
- Canadian chamber of commerce
US affordable care act (2010)
AKA Obamacare: ideology influence
Insurance regulations
- Pre-existing conditions provision
- Ban on annual and lifetime coverage caps
- Cap on annual out-of-pocket costs
Individual mandate with premium subsidies
Employer mandate
how do Americans pay for their health care?
- Private insurance
- Medicaid
- Medicare
- Veterans Administration
- Uninsured/out of pocket
