week 10 - welfare state and public policy Flashcards
Advanced Welfare State Definition
A capitalist society in which the State has intervened in the form of social policies, programs, standards, and regulations in order to mitigate class conflict and to provide for, answer, or accommodate certain social needs for which the capitalist mode of production in itself has no solution or makes no provision
western states becoming adavanced welfare states when
after world war 2
when else did states adopt welfare and why
early as late 1800
- western countrues states with low jobs and income poverty brought from the great depression explained why some countries adopted welfare policies
the welfare states policies program and regulations include
- constant education
- employment insurance + training
- public social assistance and healthcare
high income earners
- economic transfer sources from high income who pay most in taxes and receive the least social services to low income people (least in taxes) and receive most social services
developing of welfare states another purpose
- creating equality in marketing economies
- preserve the capistms market systems
Residual Welfare State
- Smaller range of social welfare measures
- related to market model
- Target less well-off in a society
- Stringent eligibility criteria and rules
- Means testing: Requirement to demonstrate little or no income
- Waiting periods and short entitlement periods
- Little state commitment to reducing poverty more to allerviate the affects of poverty
Institutional Welfare State
- Benefits and services are citizen-entitled social protections and social investments
- closing related to the polis model
- Promotion of well-being and prevention of problems
- Comprehensive benefits
- Free market allocation of resources seen as inferior means of addressing social need
- services more easily accesable
Esping-andersens said
- welfare states are best understood by focusing on interstitial forces than affect social policies rather than the social policies them self
Institutional Welfare State; Comprehensive benefits
Cover more contingencies
More generous
Higher quality
More easily accessed
lack of western countries in the typology is what
is a flaw in the model
how does esping andersens types of welfares distinsih themselfs
commodificiation
social strafificiation
commodification; liberal
citizens are dependent on market and earned income for social goods and services
commodification; conservative
less emphasis on market and more emphasis on families providing social welfare
commodification; social democratic
social good and services provided as a matter of citizen rights
social stratification ; liberal
maintain and reinforce existing pattens of inequality
social stratification; conservative
maintain inequalities but alleviate suffering from being on bottom
social stratification ; social democratic
committed to reducing inequality and poverty
Liberal Welfare States
- Emphasis on market and commodification
- Basic social safety net with low benefits
- Usually means or income tested
- Assistance only to least well off
- Little redistribution of wealth comparatively
- Benefits seen as last resort
examples of countries following liberal welfare states
- canada
- ireland
- uk
- us
- austrailia
Conservative Welfare States
- Retains status differences but less emphasis on markets and
commodification than liberal model - Creating egalitarian society is not central goal
- Social insurance rather than social assistance or universal measures
- Redistribution of income over people’s lifetimes
contries that follow a conservative welfare
- swisherland
- belilgum
- germany
- neitherlands
Social Democratic Welfare States
- Broad, extensive, comprehensive programs available to all
- Emphasis on elimination of poverty and promotion of equality
- Universal rather than targeted social welfare
- Decommodification of social services and benefits
- Key priority is full employment (employment training is extensive)
- Strong, active labour movements and labour policies that protect workers being fired for the capistism model
- better population health than the others
countries of social democratic welfare states
-denmark
-sweden
-norway
-nordic countries
Types of Social Spending and Policies
- health care
- education and training
- pensions
- support for people with disabilities
- unemployment benefits
- social assistance or welfare
- minimum wage (for standard way of living)
spending on welfare
- based on history and development of the couuntries
- level of spending across are not as widly dispeired
- US spend the most on health
- sweden spends to less on health
- countries dont fit into categories like the tool suggests
- how hard it is to make cross country comparisons
