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Bacteriology > Week 4 - gram positives > Flashcards

Week 4 - gram positives Flashcards

1
Q

Adhesins (staph)

A

tissue colonization

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2
Q

Hemolysins (staph)

A

tissue destruction (cytolytic)

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3
Q

Enterotoxins (staph)

A

tissue destruction, heat stable toxin

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4
Q

TSST (staph)

A

tissue destruction, superantigen leading to excessive cytokine release

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5
Q

Protein A (staph)

A

immune evasion, binds Fc portion of IgG, inhibits opsonization

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6
Q

leukocidin (staph)

A

immune evasion - leukocidal

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7
Q

Coagulase (staph)

A

immune evasion - hide bacteria from PMNs

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8
Q

Bovine staphylococcal mastitis genus

A

S. aureus.

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9
Q

Bovine staphylococcal mastitis classifications

A 
Epi = environment or contagious
Clinical = subclinical or clinical
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10
Q

Bovine staphylococcal mastitis source of infection + transmission

A

infected mammary gland of another cow in the herd

Transmission: milking with contaminated hands, teat cup liners and udder cloths

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11
Q

Bovine staphylococcal mastitis predisposition

A

impaired phagocyte function in the host

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12
Q

Peracute gangrenous mastitis

A

due to local thrombosis and edema caused by S. aureus. tissue necrosis, discoloured udders, swollen quarters, fever, anorexia

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13
Q

Bovine staphylococcal mastitis treatment and prevention

A

good hygiene while milking, therapies given during the dry period, check for subclinical infections, segregate infected cows, cull chronic cows, prevent induction of positive cows into the herd

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14
Q

Botryomycosis

A

caused by S. aureus
chronic, granulomatous disorder with formation of micro-abscesses. Post-castration complication in horses.
Tx: long-term antibiotics, surgical removal of affected tissue
Prevention: hygiene, wound care

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15
Q

Bumblefoot

A

local, chronic pododermatitis and tenosynovitis in birds.

prevention: good husbandry

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16
Q

S. pseudointermedius

A

causes local skin diseases in dogs and cats (pyoderma, otitis), most common opportunistic infection in dogs/cats.
Infections will be caused by an overgrowth of resident bacteria

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17
Q

Treatment and prevention of pyoderma

A

ID underlying issues! cleansing shampoo + antimicrobial shampoo, narrow-spectrum antiBs, grooming and clipping of hair coat

18
Q

Greasy pig disease

A

highly contagious exudative epidermitis in suckling or weaning pigs. excessive sebum production, anorexia, fever. morbidity and mortality high.
S. hyicus may be found in vagina of sows and preputial diverticulum of boars. Enters through bite wounds

19
Q

Greasy pig disease treatment and prevention

A

systemic antiBs + topical treatment, isolate infected pigs, clean + disinfect contaminated buildings, clip needle teeth in newborns, soft bedding

20
Q

Toxic shock syndrome

A

TSS is caused by superantigens entering the bloodstream. causes fever, headache, vomiting, diarrhea, conjunctival reddening, hypotension, skin rashes, kidney failure

21
Q

Staph diagnosis

A

specimens: exudate, pus, mastitic milk, skin scrape, urine, affected tissues
microscopy + gram stain, isolation on blood agar/MacConkey agar, PCR

22
Q

Strepto types of hemolysis

A 
beta = clear, complete hemolysis
alpha = green, partial hemolysis
gamma = no hemolysis
23
Q

Streptokinase + hyaluronidase (strepto)

A

invasion

24
Q

protein F strepto

A

adhesion

25
Q

M protein, hyaluronan, streptolysins

A

evasion

26
Q

streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins, lipoteichoic acid

A

toxins

27
Q

Strangles/equine distemper

A

S. equi subsp. equi
highly contagious, upper resp disease. abscessation + swelling of LNs can obstruct airway. Enzootic, but not commensal.
High morbidity, low mortality
All ages susceptible, more common in foals

28
Q

Strangles transmission

A

via purulent exudates from upper resp/discharging abscesses from diseased animal or carrier (direct or indirect contact)

29
Q

Strangles CS

A

high fever, depression, anorexia followed by purulent oculonasal discharge. submandibular and retropharyngeal LNs affected and eventually rupture

30
Q

Guttural pouch empyema

A

complication of strangles. due to accumulation of purulent exudate in guttural pouch. stiff head carriage, painful swelling in parotid region, difficulty breathing

31
Q

Bastard strangles

A

strangles complication. disseminated infection with abscessation in many organs

32
Q

Purpura hemorrhagica

A

immune-complex mediated vasculitis (complexes deposit in vessels)

33
Q

Strangles diagnosis

A

CS, culture from abscess/nasal swab/lavage fluid, serology (anti-M protein), PCR for M protein

34
Q

Strangles Tx

A

symptomatic: relieve pain, drain mature abscesses
anti-Bs only effective if given soon after exposure/before abscesses form
Vaccine - not 100% effective. inactive vaccine for pregnant mares and foals for high anti-M levels. Live intranasal vaccine for mucosal immunity + serum antibodies

35
Q

Strangles prevention

A

stop movement of animals upon suspected infection, quarantine!!!! hygiene, disinfection. Notifiable disease in many states. 3 negative cultures at weekly intervals allows release from quarantine

36
Q

Streptococcus suis

A

causes significant losses. Associated with meningitis, arthritis, septicemia, bronchopneumonia. particularly in young pigs. Carrier rate is almost 100% (in tonsils), but low disease rates.

37
Q

Streptococcus suis treatment + prevention

A

penicillin or ampicillin. make sure to serotype as many different ones exist!
Prophylaxis: long-acting penicillin to sows pre-farrowing and to pigs during first 2 weeks of life. Good husbandry + hygiene
eradication not feasible!

38
Q

Streptococcus suis zoonosis

A

underreported and underdiagnosed. risk: employees in swine industry and consumption of raw meat

39
Q

Bovine streptococcal mastitis (contagious)

A

S. agalactiae colonizing milk ducts - persistent infection w/ intermittent bouts of acute mastitis

40
Q

Bovine streptococcal mastitis (environmental)

A

S. dysgalactiae - colonizes buccal cavity and genitals, skin of mammary gland. Acute mastitis
S. uberis - skin, tonsils, vagina - subclinical mastitis

41
Q

Bovine streptococcal mastitis Tx + prevention

A

prepare cows properly for milking, have a good milking system, well-balanced nutrition and hygiene, screen cows before introducing to a herd, monitor somatic cell counts in milk

Bacteriology (8 decks)

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