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Bacteriology > E. Coli > Flashcards

E. Coli Flashcards

1
Q

Escherichia characteristics

A

gram negative coccobacilli, lactose positive, oxidase negative, motile rods. major pathogen. very diverse species.
Shigella are taxonomically also escherichia (only present in humans)
Pathogenicity is strain dependent
Intestinal and extra-intestinal infections

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2
Q

E. coli serotype

A

O26, K60, F41, H11

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3
Q

E coli virulence factors

A

cell-associated: endotoxin, capsule, fimbrial adhesins, non-fimbrial adhesins
extracellular: enterotoxins, cytotoxins, siderophores

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4
Q

Enteric pathotypes E coli

A 
ETEC - enterotoxigenic
EPEC - enteropathogenic
EHEC - enterohemorrhagic
VTEC - verotoxigenic
RPEC - rabbit pathogenic
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5
Q

extra-intestinal pathotypes E coli

A 
APEC - avian pathogenic
NTEC - necrotoxigenic (cattle)
Mastitis-causing E coli - cattle
MMA - pigs
UPEC - dogs (uropathogenic)
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6
Q

ETEC piglets - virulence factors

A

neonatal: F4, F5, F6 F41, STa, STb. Non-hemolytic
Neonatal - 3 weeks: F4, LT, STa, STb, EAST1. Hemolytic
Post-weaning: F4, F18, LT, STa, STb, EAST1. hemolytic

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7
Q

ETEC piglets pathogenesis

A

ETEC is found in the intestine of healthy sows. Break in equilibrium between passage to piglets and maternal antibodies = disease. Break in equilibrium may be due to high infection pressure, lowered maternal immunity or appearance of a new type

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8
Q

ETEC piglets diagnosis

A

CS, age, very smelly feces, dehydration, older piglets have white-grey diarrhea, culture, detection of virulence factors via PCR/agglutination.

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9
Q

ETEC piglets treatment

A

hydration, antimicrobials

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10
Q

ETEC piglets prevention

A

keep infection pressure low and maternal immunity high.
Good hygiene, vaccinate sows (2 doses, second 2-6 weeks pre-partum), vaccinate piglets for post-weaning diarrhea, selection for F4 receptor-free piglets

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11
Q

VTEC piglets (edema disease) virulence factors

A

F18 - adhesion to small bowel
Exotoxin - VT2e or Stx2e (BV necrosis)
Endotoxin - acute mortality

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12
Q

VTEC piglets pathogenesis

A

sow to piglet transmission
weaning causes stress + change in intestinal flora
excretion –> increased infection pressure –> contamination of other piglets
Toxin productions causes enterorrhagia (hyperacute), high BV permeability (acute), intravascular coagulation (slow)
endotoxin causes shock and acute mortality

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13
Q

VTEC in piglets diagnosis

A

CS (3 weeks post weaning - acute mortality, diarrhea, anorexia, edema), bacteriology and confirmation of virulence factors

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14
Q

VTEC in piglets treatment

A

affected animals: fasting to eliminate toxin, antimicrobial therapy
not-yet-affected: antimicrobial therapy

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15
Q

VTEC in piglets prevention

A

reduce stress at weaning, starter feed before weaning, good fibre content in feed, adaptation of intestinal flora (probiotics, organic acids, zinc oxide), vaccination 2-4 days old, select for pigs that are F18-receptor negative

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16
Q

EPEC in pigs virulence factors

A

BFP - bundle forming pili, initial attachment
attaching and effacing: intimate attachment (eae)
T3SS - translocates bacterial effector proteins into target cell

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17
Q

EPEC in pigs diagnosis

A

bacterial isolation and detection of eae gene

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18
Q

EPEC in pigs treatment

A

oral antimicrobials

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19
Q

EPEC in pigs prevention

A

no vaccine, little is known to prevent

20
Q

E. Coli UTIs in pigs predisposing factors

A

hygiene, water intake, obstipation, age, individual differences

21
Q

E. Coli UTIs in pigs diagnosis

A

CS (anorexia, hematuria, vaginal exudate), bacteriology

22
Q

E. Coli UTIs in pigs treatment

A

culling, antibiotics for 3 weeks

23
Q

MMA or PPDS in pigs etiology

A

metritis-mastitis-agalactiae, post partum dysgalactiae syndrome
hereditary, hormonal, feed, infectious (e. coli)

24
Q

Bovine ETEC virulence factors

A

in animals less than 3 days old. Adhesion via fimbriae - F5, F41, F17, CS31A, also has STa and STb toxins

25
Q

Bovine ETEC pathogenesis

A

disruption of equilibrium due to:

colostrum (too little, too late, too low in antibodies) or infection (too early, too high)

26
Q

Bovine ETEC diagnosis

A

ELISA, culture and virulence gene detection, agglutination/PCR

27
Q

Bovine ETEC therapy

A

separate sick animals, hydration, antibiotics (lots of resistance!!!), NSAIDs

on milking farms: separate calves from mothers, colostrum from multi-parturient animals, antibiotics per os, vaccination of cows, antibodies per os

28
Q

Bovine EPEC

A

not common. virulence due to eae.
Age: 1-8 weeks
CS: mucoid diarrhea, may have blood in stool, mainly LI infection
Therapy: antibiotics

29
Q

STEC/VTEC/EHEC in bovines

A 
only of zoonotic importance.
virulence genes: eae, stx1, stx2
best known serotype = O157;H7
responsible for serious infection leading to death or persistent kidney disease
AKA hemorrhagic uremic syndrome
30
Q

Bovine NTEC virulence

A

ExPEC, facultative pathogenic

virulence factors: serum resistance, iron uptake systems, endotoxin, capsule, adhesion factors, CNF1 and CNF2 toxins

31
Q

Bovine NTEC pathogenesis

A 
uptake: per os or by umbilical cord
causes septicemia which leads to:
hyperacute: acute mortality, shock
acute: general symptoms, fast mortality
slow: polyarthritis, pneumonia, pleuritis, meningoencephalitis
32
Q

Bovine NTEC diagnosis

A

clinical signs (age, low gamma globulins in serum), isolation and PCR for virulence genes

33
Q

Bovine NTEC treatment

A

NSAIDs, antibiotics, gamma globulins from older animals

34
Q

Bovine NTEC prevention

A

make sure that the calves get good quality colostrum

35
Q

Bovine E. Coli mastitis

A 
no known virulence factors, environmental origin. 
gram - = animal has fever
frequently lost udder quarter
Prevention: hygiene
Treatment: systemic antibiotics
36
Q

E. coli enteric disease in dogs

A

frequently coinfection with other pathogens
ETEC, EPEC, VTEC, EIEC - both in clinically healthy as well as diarrheic
Puppies - CNF1 e. coli

37
Q

Cystitis dogs and cats

A

dog: fimbriae type 1, F12, F13. Specific serotypes (O2, O4, O6, O83). 50% are alpha-hemolytic
Cat: very rare
treatment: check for underlying causes, broad spectrum antibiotics

38
Q

Pyometra

A

seen in dogs. treatment = surgery and antibiotics

same strains as cystitis

39
Q

APEC general

A

facultative pathogen. most important bact disease in broilers and layers. extra-intestinal disease - septicemia-colibacillosis

40
Q

APEC virulence

A

serotypes: O1, O2, O78

virulence factors: fimbriae/pili, iron capturing systems, serum resistance

41
Q

APEC clinical appearances

A

neonatal - colibacillosis
respiratory - colibacillosis and septicemia
egg yolk - peritonitis
scabby hip/necrotic dermatitis

42
Q

APEC diagnosis

A

pathological lesions, isolation of E. coli from internal organs, serotyping (O1, O2, O78)

43
Q

APEC treatment

A

very difficult, antibiotics (susceptibility tests necessary)

44
Q

APEC prevention

A

hygiene, stress, temperature, vaccine

45
Q

RPEC diagnosis and treatment

A

eae positive.
D: CS, isolation and subtyping. PCR on eae
T: antibiotics, care

Bacteriology (8 decks)

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