Week 4- Geovisualisation

Question 1

Five steps of cartographic process

Answer 1

1. distribution of phenomenon
2. purpose of the map intended audience
3. Collect data for mapping
4. design and construct map
5. can readers understand it

Question 2

Conventional model: _____-centred

Answer 2

cartographer-centered

Question 3

GIS information communication: ___-centred

Answer 3

user

Question 4

Bias in Maps

Answer 4

• not neutral (reflect the dominant power of the time, i.e rome is centre of the world/political boundaries)
• Map projection (distorted my mercator, robinson etc)
• Data accuracy issues
• Human errors (i.e on screen digitising incorrectly)

Question 5

types of data representing cartographic features

Answer 5

Both vector and raster:

• point (nominal: town, ordinal: town size)
• line (nominal: river, ordinal: type of road, Interval: contours)
• polygon/area (nominal: lake, interval: Elevation)

Question 6

Thematic maps

Answer 6

• Illustrate the spatial structure, pattens and interrelationships rather than just geographical phenomena.

Question 7

Types of thematic maps

Answer 7

• Quantitative map (spatial characteristics of numerical data, e.g population, income)
• Qualitative map (e.g location of oil fields, national parks)

Question 8

Data classifications

Answer 8

• equal interval (divides range into equal-sized classes)
• quantile break (each class contains an equal number of features)
• Natural breaks (Jenks): natural groupings in data
• Geometric interval: breaks in geometric progression.

Question 9

“cartographic design is the art, science and technology of map making” explain

Answer 9

• art: creative and effictive with colour choice or symbology to best display data
  science: ensure accurate data that is correct
  technology: skilled user of digital tools.

overall: intriguing

Question 10

Map Design Principles

Answer 10

• Legibility
• Visual contrast
• Figure-ground organisation
• Hierarchical structure.

Question 11

Legibility

Answer 11

e. g branches on a tree symbol is too intricate

e. g squashed contour lines

Question 12

Contrast

Answer 12

e.g remarkably different road symbols to notice difference.

Question 13

Figure-ground contrast

Answer 13

e.g greyscale either land or sea to distinguish difference.

Question 14

Map Layout

Answer 14

• No single standard to follow
• asthetics or symmetry of all information on map
• all basic map elements

Question 15

Digital mapping do’s and don’t’s

Answer 15

• don’t assume defult software setting is appropriate
• use graphical scale rather than verbal/ratio scale
• be a susceptive map reader

Question 16

3D model for two or more variables

Answer 16

e.g service capacity of GPs in the area + patient distribution + transport routes

Question 17

when to use Equal interval

Answer 17

when data is evenly distributed and want to emphasize the difference between the features

Question 18

when to use jenks

Answer 18

when data is unevenly distributed

Question 19

when to use quantile classification

Answer 19

when evenly distributed

Question 20

when to use geometric

Answer 20

has geometric sequence based on a multiplyer

Question 21

Lying with maps

Answer 21

• Inappropriate classification of data may hide meaning patterns and anomalies, or give misleading information.