week 4 - foot and ankle Flashcards

1
Q

What are some subjective questions for the ankle of foot that you would want to ask?

A

aggs -> weight bearing, walking, stairs, running, tip toes
instability
mechanism of injury
neurological symptoms
lumbar symptoms

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2
Q

What movements combine to make eversion?

A

dorsiflexion, abduction and pronation

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3
Q

What movements combine to produce inversion?

A

plantarflexion, adduction and supination

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4
Q

how much dorsiflexion is normal in the foot?

A

20

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5
Q

How much plantarflexion is normal in the foot?

A

50

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6
Q

How much inversion is normal in the foot?

A

45-60

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7
Q

How much eversion is normal in the foot?

A

15-30

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8
Q

What is considered a normal distance for the knee to wall test?

A

12.5 cm

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9
Q

Which accessory movements are available at the ankle and foot?

A

traction
AP
PA
Talar tilt

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10
Q

What does the anterior draw test test for?

A

laxity in the ankle joint

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11
Q

What does the talar tilt test test for?

A

assesses laxity and irritability of ligaments of the lateral ankle

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12
Q

What does a positive anterior drawer test look like?

A

excessive PA movement

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13
Q

What does a positive talar tilt test look like?

A

excessive laxity or pain

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14
Q

What does the Thompson test assess?

A

Achilles rupture

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15
Q

How do you carry out the Thompson test?

A

observe for plantarflexion at the ankle when you squeeze the bulk of gastrocnemius

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16
Q

What does a positive Thompson test look like?

A

if no movement, the test is positive and suspect a rupture

17
Q

What are some common signs and symptoms of lateral ankle sprain that you will find out in the subjective?

A

arise from sudden mechanism of injury
pain on lateral ankle
initial inflammatory signs
painful to weight bear and difficulty with functional activities
history of ankle sprains increases the risk of recurring sprains

18
Q

What are some common signs and symptoms of lateral ankle sprain that you may find in the objective?

A

inflammation on lateral ankle
restricted AROM
laxity/pain on anterior drawer and talar tilt tests
tender on palpation of lateral ankle ligaments

19
Q

What are some common signs and symptoms of achilles tendon rupture that you will find out in subjective?

A

often report an audible snap or pop during sport or running activity
sudden, significant pain in the back of the calf or back of the ankle

20
Q

What are some common signs and symptoms of achilles tendon rupture that you will find out in the objective?

A

swelling/bruising
altered angle of declination
palpable tendon gap
Thompson test

21
Q

What is Simmonds triad?

A

altered angle of declination - foot drops into dorsiflexion
palpable tendon gap
Thompson test

22
Q

How do you carry out the anterior drawer test?

A

patient in sitting or lying supine
flex knee to neutralise tricep surae
place ankle 10-20 degrees of plantarflexion
stabilise tibia
cup heel and pull forward

23
Q

For the talar tilt test what does plantarflexion and inversion test?

A

ATFL

24
Q

For the talar tilt test, what does neutral and inversion test?

A

CFL

25
Q

For the talar tilt test what does dorsiflexion and inversion test?

A

PTFL