week 4 - foot and ankle Flashcards
What are some subjective questions for the ankle of foot that you would want to ask?
aggs -> weight bearing, walking, stairs, running, tip toes
instability
mechanism of injury
neurological symptoms
lumbar symptoms
What movements combine to make eversion?
dorsiflexion, abduction and pronation
What movements combine to produce inversion?
plantarflexion, adduction and supination
how much dorsiflexion is normal in the foot?
20
How much plantarflexion is normal in the foot?
50
How much inversion is normal in the foot?
45-60
How much eversion is normal in the foot?
15-30
What is considered a normal distance for the knee to wall test?
12.5 cm
Which accessory movements are available at the ankle and foot?
traction
AP
PA
Talar tilt
What does the anterior draw test test for?
laxity in the ankle joint
What does the talar tilt test test for?
assesses laxity and irritability of ligaments of the lateral ankle
What does a positive anterior drawer test look like?
excessive PA movement
What does a positive talar tilt test look like?
excessive laxity or pain
What does the Thompson test assess?
Achilles rupture
How do you carry out the Thompson test?
observe for plantarflexion at the ankle when you squeeze the bulk of gastrocnemius
What does a positive Thompson test look like?
if no movement, the test is positive and suspect a rupture
What are some common signs and symptoms of lateral ankle sprain that you will find out in the subjective?
arise from sudden mechanism of injury
pain on lateral ankle
initial inflammatory signs
painful to weight bear and difficulty with functional activities
history of ankle sprains increases the risk of recurring sprains
What are some common signs and symptoms of lateral ankle sprain that you may find in the objective?
inflammation on lateral ankle
restricted AROM
laxity/pain on anterior drawer and talar tilt tests
tender on palpation of lateral ankle ligaments
What are some common signs and symptoms of achilles tendon rupture that you will find out in subjective?
often report an audible snap or pop during sport or running activity
sudden, significant pain in the back of the calf or back of the ankle
What are some common signs and symptoms of achilles tendon rupture that you will find out in the objective?
swelling/bruising
altered angle of declination
palpable tendon gap
Thompson test
What is Simmonds triad?
altered angle of declination - foot drops into dorsiflexion
palpable tendon gap
Thompson test
How do you carry out the anterior drawer test?
patient in sitting or lying supine
flex knee to neutralise tricep surae
place ankle 10-20 degrees of plantarflexion
stabilise tibia
cup heel and pull forward
For the talar tilt test what does plantarflexion and inversion test?
ATFL
For the talar tilt test, what does neutral and inversion test?
CFL
For the talar tilt test what does dorsiflexion and inversion test?
PTFL
