Week 4 exercises

Question 1

What are the mechanisms of intergenerational transmission?

Answer 1

1. Exposure to criminogenic risk factors
2. Negative environmental context
3. Social learning
4. Genetic mechanisms
5. Official bias
6. Assortative mating (partners with the same traits)

Question 2

What is the difference between Exposure to criminogenic risk factors and Creation of negative environmental context? Give the effects and examples

Answer 2

Exposure to criminogenic risk factors: has a direct effect which means the child is directly influenced by their parent’s criminal activities. Example: parents who traffick drugs.
Creation of negative environmental context: has a mediating effect which means a child is indirectly led to CB. Example: if the parents are imprisoned this creates a negative environment for the child

Question 3

How to prevent crime in early childhood?

Answer 3

Help “at-risk mothers”, by home visits before and after birth

Question 4

What is parent self-efficacy?

Answer 4

It’s about feeling confident in one’s parenting skills and decisions