Lecture 6 (potential exam questions)

Question 1

(Paternoster & Bachman, 2017), explain three different ways for changing from CB, which are these?

Answer 1

External controls, turning points
-> change

Openness -> hooks -> change

Discontent, identity change -> hooks, controls, turning points

Question 2

Why does marriage has a causal impact on desistance?

Answer 2

Because it has a direct link to attachments, which has a direct link to routines, opportunities, which has a link to CB

Question 3

What are the mechanisms that explain that the combination of marriage and parenthood has to strongest effect on male offending?

Answer 3

1) More attachments
2) Routine activities
3) Identity

Question 4

What are the four mechanisms by which imprisonment reduces or prevents crime (Bushway, 2014)?

Answer 4

General deterrence: the threat of imprisonment affects everyone

Specific deterrence: imprisonment affects an individual’s future behavior

Rehabilitation: prisons provide programs for treating underlying risk factors (social skills, drug treatment)

Incapacitation: imprisonment takes would-be offenders out of the general population

Question 5

What are the limitations for the threat of imprisonment?

Answer 5

1) Disentangling deterrence effects
2) Financial costs often outweigh the crime-saving benefits

Question 6

Why can imprisonment lead to more negative outcomes across life course?

Answer 6

It disrupts social bonds.