Lecture 2 (potential exam questions) Flashcards
What are the three types of theoretical frameworks and give an explanation and example of each type.
Static theories: stable theories.
- Traits/dispositions explain behavior, for example theory of low self-control (Gottfredson & Hirschi 1990)
Dynamic theories: theories that have development heterogeneity.
- Within-individual differences (life course CB), cumulative continuity & self-selection
Typological theories: combination of static and dynamic theories.
- Types of offenders, causes and mechanisms.
What do Gottfredson & Hirschi argue, and what is the critique on this
That all crime is due to variations in low self-control. However self-control does change over time, and opportunity matters.
Why do bonds discourage (control) criminal behavior? Give four mechanisms and explain them briefly.
1) Attachments (concern what others think)
2) Commitment (to conventional activities)
3) Involvement (investment of time)
4) Beliefs (sociolization, morality)
Continuity/change is determined by several factors
- Social bonds and controls
- Routine activities
- Human agency
Give an example and explain what happens with these factors.
Example: educational transitions
- Change/disruption in bonds with family, friends
- More (un)structured routine activities
- Life events: moving schools