Week 4 Endocrinology Quiz Flashcards
Precursor of Steroid Hormones
Cholesterol
Steroid Hormones…
diffuse through cell membranes
What is the enzyme that converts testosterone to estrogen?
Aromatase
Protein Hormones…
bind to receptors on the cell membrane to elicit a response in the cell
Precursor of Protein Hormones
Amino Acids
Examples of Steroid Hormones
Progesterone (21C), Testosterone (19C), Estrogen (18C)
Examples of Protein Hormones
GnRH (peptide), Growth Hormone (protein)
Prostaglandin Hormones
Act through G protein-coupled receptors and nuclear receptors
Precursor of Prostaglandin Hormones
Arachidonic Acid
Examples of Prostaglandin Hormones
PGE, PGF2(alpha)
Steps of the Steroid Hormone Pathway
1) Diffuse through capillary wall
2) Diffuse through cell membrane
3) Steroid binds to receptor inside cell
4) Translocation of receptor + steroid into the nucleus
5) Initialization of transcription
6) Cell responds by synthesizing new proteins
Steps of the Protein Hormone Pathway
1) Transport across capillary wall
2) Binds to plasma membrane receptor on outside of cell
3) Initialization of signal transduction cascade
4) Initialization of transcription
5) Cell responds by synthesizing new proteins
5 Cell Types of the Anterior Pituitary
- Gonadotropins
- Somatotropins
- Thyrotropins
- Corticotropins
- Lactotropins
Basal Secretion Patterns
the hormone stays low but fluctuates with low amplitude pulses
Sustained Release Patterns
- normally how steroid hormones are secreted
- the hormone release remains elevated in a relatively steady fashion for a long period of time (days to weeks)