Week 4: definitions Flashcards
pain threshold
the lowest level of stimulus that causes a person to feel pain
Gate-control theory of pain
non painful sensation (creating pleasant stimulation) can essentially “close the gate” and reduce the perception of pain (a mechanism in the spinal cord acts like a “gate” which can either block or allow pain signals to travel to the brain)
Acute pain
a type of pain that starts suddenly and ends when the underlying cause is treated
- pain stayed not more than 3 months
chronic pain
The pain that lasts longer than three months and disrupts your life.
Long standing pain that persists beyond the usual recovery period or occurs along with a chronic health condition, such as arthritis
neuropathic pain
pain that occurs when the nervous system is damged or malfunctions
e.g. deafferentations (spinal cord injury/ phantom limb pain/ spinal tumor/ shingles), Sympathetic (complex neuropathic pain/ CRPS/ Raynaud’s disease), Peripheral (trigeminimal neuralgia/diabetic neuropathy)
Breakthrough pain
a sudden increase in pain that may occur in patients who already have chronic pain from cancer, arthritis, fibromyalgia, or other conditions
somatic pain
pain that originates from damage to or inflammation of the body’s tissues, such as the skin, muscles, bones, joints and ligaments
visceral pain
pain that originates in the internal organs and tissues of the chest, abdomen or pelvis
- Can feel like a deep squeeze, pressure or aching
Analgesics
medications that relieve diffrent tyeps of pains
adjuvants
a substance that enhances the body’s immune response to an antigen
anesthetics
a substane that induces insensitivity to pain
pharmacological
relating to the branch of medicine concerned with the uses, effects and actions of drugs
non-pharmacological
not involving drugs or medication - are intended to improve health and well-beings
physical dependence
a physiological response that occurs when a person regularly uses a substance over time - unpleasant physical symptoms occur if the drug is suddenly stopped or taken in smaller doses
addiction
when you have a strong physical or psychological need or urge to do something or use something
drug tolerant
a person’s diminished response to a drug, which occurs when the drug is used repeatedly and the body adapts to the continued presenece of the drugs
Ergonomics
the study of people’s diminished response to a drug, which occurs when the drug is used repeatedly and the body adpats to the continued presence of the drug
Isotonic exercise
a type of exercise that involves muscle contracting and shortening while overcoming resistance
Isometric exercise
a type of exercise that involves contracting a muscle or group of muscles without moving the joint
pathologicla fracture
a broken bone caused by an underlying disease or condition that weakens the bone
acitivity tolerance
an individual’s capacity to engage in an activity for an optimal duration without experiencing undue physical, emotional, or psychological fatigue
deconditioning
the decline in physical function of the body as a result of physical inactivity and/ or bedrest or an extremely sedentary lifestyle
range of motion (ROM)
how far you can move or stretch a part of your body (such as a joint or muscle)
- active
- passive
proprioception
your body’s ability to sense movement, action and location
friction
the action of one surface or object rubbing against another
